Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia
Leukemia is a prevalent pediatric cancer with significant challenges, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a personalized cancer treatment, modifying patients’ T cells to target and destroy resistant cancer cells. This study re...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/18/1596 |
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| author | Elżbieta Bartoszewska Maciej Tota Monika Kisielewska Izabela Skowron Kamil Sebastianka Oliwia Stefaniak Klaudia Molik Jakub Rubin Karolina Kraska Anna Choromańska |
| author_facet | Elżbieta Bartoszewska Maciej Tota Monika Kisielewska Izabela Skowron Kamil Sebastianka Oliwia Stefaniak Klaudia Molik Jakub Rubin Karolina Kraska Anna Choromańska |
| author_sort | Elżbieta Bartoszewska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leukemia is a prevalent pediatric cancer with significant challenges, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a personalized cancer treatment, modifying patients’ T cells to target and destroy resistant cancer cells. This study reviews the current therapeutic options of CAR-T therapy for leukemia, addressing the primary obstacles such as antigen escape and T-cell exhaustion. We explore dual-targeting strategies and their potential to improve treatment outcomes by preventing the loss of target antigens. Additionally, we examine the mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion and strategies to enhance CAR-T persistence and effectiveness. Despite remarkable clinical successes, CAR-T therapy poses risks such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Our findings highlight the need for ongoing research to optimize CAR-T applications, reduce toxicities, and extend this innovative therapy to a broader range of hematologic malignancies. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for improving leukemia treatment and advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b256e547e1084f96962743432fc0c8b7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-b256e547e1084f96962743432fc0c8b72025-08-20T01:55:22ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-09-011318159610.3390/cells13181596Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for LeukemiaElżbieta Bartoszewska0Maciej Tota1Monika Kisielewska2Izabela Skowron3Kamil Sebastianka4Oliwia Stefaniak5Klaudia Molik6Jakub Rubin7Karolina Kraska8Anna Choromańska9Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, PolandLeukemia is a prevalent pediatric cancer with significant challenges, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a personalized cancer treatment, modifying patients’ T cells to target and destroy resistant cancer cells. This study reviews the current therapeutic options of CAR-T therapy for leukemia, addressing the primary obstacles such as antigen escape and T-cell exhaustion. We explore dual-targeting strategies and their potential to improve treatment outcomes by preventing the loss of target antigens. Additionally, we examine the mechanisms of T-cell exhaustion and strategies to enhance CAR-T persistence and effectiveness. Despite remarkable clinical successes, CAR-T therapy poses risks such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Our findings highlight the need for ongoing research to optimize CAR-T applications, reduce toxicities, and extend this innovative therapy to a broader range of hematologic malignancies. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for improving leukemia treatment and advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/18/1596leukemiapediatric oncologyCAR-T therapyacute lymphoblastic leukemiaacute myeloid leukemiaantigen escape |
| spellingShingle | Elżbieta Bartoszewska Maciej Tota Monika Kisielewska Izabela Skowron Kamil Sebastianka Oliwia Stefaniak Klaudia Molik Jakub Rubin Karolina Kraska Anna Choromańska Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia Cells leukemia pediatric oncology CAR-T therapy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia antigen escape |
| title | Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia |
| title_full | Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia |
| title_fullStr | Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia |
| title_short | Overcoming Antigen Escape and T-Cell Exhaustion in CAR-T Therapy for Leukemia |
| title_sort | overcoming antigen escape and t cell exhaustion in car t therapy for leukemia |
| topic | leukemia pediatric oncology CAR-T therapy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia antigen escape |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/18/1596 |
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