From Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic Syndrome: Proposing an Expanded Framework

From Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic Syndrome: Proposing an Expanded Framework

Cardiometabolic diseases represent an escalating global health crisis, slowing or even reversing earlier declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Traditionally, conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerotic CVD, heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CK...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nikolaos Theodorakis, Maria Nikolaou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
cardiometabolic medicine
arterial hypertension
dyslipidemia
diabetes mellitus
obesity
heart failure
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/213
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