Understanding chronic inflammation: couplings between cytokines, ROS, NO, Cai2+, HIF-1α, Nrf2 and autophagy

Chronic inflammation is an important component of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, intracellular infections, dysbiosis and degenerative diseases. An important element of this state is the mainly positive feedback between inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxid...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Krzysztof Piotr Michalak, Amelia Zofia Michalak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1558263/full
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