Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD)
Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) exhibit visual–motor deficits affecting handwriting. Shape tracing, a key prerequisite for handwriting, supports motor and cognitive development but remains underexplored in research, particularly in objectively studying its role in...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/90 |
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| author | Michal Hochhauser Yfat Ben Refael Esther Adi-Japha Rachel Bartov |
| author_facet | Michal Hochhauser Yfat Ben Refael Esther Adi-Japha Rachel Bartov |
| author_sort | Michal Hochhauser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) exhibit visual–motor deficits affecting handwriting. Shape tracing, a key prerequisite for handwriting, supports motor and cognitive development but remains underexplored in research, particularly in objectively studying its role in children with DCD. Objectives: To compare the kinetics (pressure applied to the writing surface) and kinematics (spatial and temporal aspects) of shape tracing in children with pDCD to those of typically developing (TD) peers utilizing a digitized tablet. Methods: A total of 27 children with pDCD aged 7 to 12 years and 27 TD children matched by age and gender traced five unique shapes resembling print letters onto a digitized tablet. Participants’ performance measurements included precision, time, smoothness, velocity, and pressure. Results: The findings revealed lower precision, longer duration, more smoothness but less consistency, lower velocity, and less pressure application in the pDCD group. Conclusions: This research underlies the mechanisms of shape-tracing difficulties in children with DCD. Insights into early shape-tracing processes beyond product outcomes are essential for therapeutic and educational interventions, with digitized tablets offering a novel tool for assessing graphomotor skills in children with DCD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0e7fcceb2614769a012d01df7589255 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0e7fcceb2614769a012d01df75892552025-01-24T13:27:16ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-011219010.3390/children12010090Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD)Michal Hochhauser0Yfat Ben Refael1Esther Adi-Japha2Rachel Bartov3Department of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelFaculty of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, IsraelDepartment of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, IsraelBackground: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) exhibit visual–motor deficits affecting handwriting. Shape tracing, a key prerequisite for handwriting, supports motor and cognitive development but remains underexplored in research, particularly in objectively studying its role in children with DCD. Objectives: To compare the kinetics (pressure applied to the writing surface) and kinematics (spatial and temporal aspects) of shape tracing in children with pDCD to those of typically developing (TD) peers utilizing a digitized tablet. Methods: A total of 27 children with pDCD aged 7 to 12 years and 27 TD children matched by age and gender traced five unique shapes resembling print letters onto a digitized tablet. Participants’ performance measurements included precision, time, smoothness, velocity, and pressure. Results: The findings revealed lower precision, longer duration, more smoothness but less consistency, lower velocity, and less pressure application in the pDCD group. Conclusions: This research underlies the mechanisms of shape-tracing difficulties in children with DCD. Insights into early shape-tracing processes beyond product outcomes are essential for therapeutic and educational interventions, with digitized tablets offering a novel tool for assessing graphomotor skills in children with DCD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/90motor skills disordersbiomechanical phenomenahandwritingcognitionvisual–motor integration |
| spellingShingle | Michal Hochhauser Yfat Ben Refael Esther Adi-Japha Rachel Bartov Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) Children motor skills disorders biomechanical phenomena handwriting cognition visual–motor integration |
| title | Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) |
| title_full | Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) |
| title_fullStr | Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) |
| title_short | Kinetics and Kinematics of Shape Tracing in Children with Probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (pDCD) |
| title_sort | kinetics and kinematics of shape tracing in children with probable developmental coordination disorder pdcd |
| topic | motor skills disorders biomechanical phenomena handwriting cognition visual–motor integration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/90 |
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