The Effect of Vitamin D3 Injection Combined With High-Intensity Interval Training on Excessive Autophagy in the Heart Tissue of Type 2 Diabetes–Induced Rats: An Analysis of the mTOR–Beclin-1–Fyco-1–Cathepsin D Pathway
Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes increases autophagy in the left ventricle, marked by altered levels of key autophagy proteins. HIIT and vitamin D3 injections mitigate these effects by enhancing mTOR signaling and reducing excessive autophagy. These interventions show promise as nonpharmacological strate...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Cardiovascular Therapeutics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/cdr/8817195 |
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