Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization

The study assessed the yield and quality as well as the energy potential of biomass from stalks and pomace of four grape varieties, Riesling, Chardonnay, Zweigelt, and Merlot <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L., grown in temperate climate conditions. The research is innovative because the evaluatio...

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Main Authors: Magdalena Kapłan, Grzegorz Maj, Kamila E. Klimek, Kamil Buczyński, Anna Borkowska, Radek Sotolář, Richard Danko, Mojmir Baroň
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/663
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author Magdalena Kapłan
Grzegorz Maj
Kamila E. Klimek
Kamil Buczyński
Anna Borkowska
Radek Sotolář
Richard Danko
Mojmir Baroň
author_facet Magdalena Kapłan
Grzegorz Maj
Kamila E. Klimek
Kamil Buczyński
Anna Borkowska
Radek Sotolář
Richard Danko
Mojmir Baroň
author_sort Magdalena Kapłan
collection DOAJ
description The study assessed the yield and quality as well as the energy potential of biomass from stalks and pomace of four grape varieties, Riesling, Chardonnay, Zweigelt, and Merlot <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L., grown in temperate climate conditions. The research is innovative because the evaluation of the energy potential of biomass originating from <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. has not been carried out so far in the northern wine-growing regions. Field studies were conducted in 2023 in the Experimental Vineyard of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, located in southeastern Poland. Biometric yield assessment showed that Chardonnay vines were characterized by the lowest mass of clusters and peduncles, number of berries in the cluster, berry diameter, and peduncle size, and at the same time the highest berry mass among the assessed biotypes. Merlot clusters were characterized by the highest mass of clusters and the largest peduncles. Riesling had the most berries in the cluster, the heaviest peduncles, and the highest share of peduncles in the cluster mass (8.99%). For grape pomace, the LHV values range from 15.98 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for the Chardonnay variety to 16.91 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for Riesling, while for peduncles, these values range from 15.11 MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Merlot and Riesling to 15.26 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for Chardonnay. The differences in pollutant emissions are more pronounced between grapevine varieties than between types of biomass (pomace vs. peduncles). The greatest variation among varieties was observed for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions in the pomace category, while the smallest differences were noted for sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Total gas emissions were highest for Zweigelt pomace (7.72 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest for Merlot (6.99 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>), while for stalks, Chardonnay had the highest values (6.77 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Merlot the lowest (7.32 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>). The largest variation among varieties was observed in the pomace category. These results indicate differences in exhaust gas emissions for different plant parts and grape varieties, which are relevant for optimizing production processes and ensuring sustainable development.
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spelling doaj-art-b077792e53ea4a4ca9eb2095686a089b2025-08-20T03:12:35ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118366310.3390/en18030663Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy ValorizationMagdalena Kapłan0Grzegorz Maj1Kamila E. Klimek2Kamil Buczyński3Anna Borkowska4Radek Sotolář5Richard Danko6Mojmir Baroň7Institute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Power Engineering and Transportation, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandInstitute of Horticulture Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, 691-44 Lednice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, 691-44 Lednice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Viticulture and Enology, Mendel University in Brno, 691-44 Lednice, Czech RepublicThe study assessed the yield and quality as well as the energy potential of biomass from stalks and pomace of four grape varieties, Riesling, Chardonnay, Zweigelt, and Merlot <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L., grown in temperate climate conditions. The research is innovative because the evaluation of the energy potential of biomass originating from <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. has not been carried out so far in the northern wine-growing regions. Field studies were conducted in 2023 in the Experimental Vineyard of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, located in southeastern Poland. Biometric yield assessment showed that Chardonnay vines were characterized by the lowest mass of clusters and peduncles, number of berries in the cluster, berry diameter, and peduncle size, and at the same time the highest berry mass among the assessed biotypes. Merlot clusters were characterized by the highest mass of clusters and the largest peduncles. Riesling had the most berries in the cluster, the heaviest peduncles, and the highest share of peduncles in the cluster mass (8.99%). For grape pomace, the LHV values range from 15.98 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for the Chardonnay variety to 16.91 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for Riesling, while for peduncles, these values range from 15.11 MJ·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Merlot and Riesling to 15.26 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> for Chardonnay. The differences in pollutant emissions are more pronounced between grapevine varieties than between types of biomass (pomace vs. peduncles). The greatest variation among varieties was observed for carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions in the pomace category, while the smallest differences were noted for sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. Total gas emissions were highest for Zweigelt pomace (7.72 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and lowest for Merlot (6.99 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>), while for stalks, Chardonnay had the highest values (6.77 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and Merlot the lowest (7.32 Nm<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>). The largest variation among varieties was observed in the pomace category. These results indicate differences in exhaust gas emissions for different plant parts and grape varieties, which are relevant for optimizing production processes and ensuring sustainable development.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/663grapevine yieldwine production waste biomassenergy potentialbiofuel
spellingShingle Magdalena Kapłan
Grzegorz Maj
Kamila E. Klimek
Kamil Buczyński
Anna Borkowska
Radek Sotolář
Richard Danko
Mojmir Baroň
Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
Energies
grapevine yield
wine production waste biomass
energy potential
biofuel
title Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
title_full Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
title_fullStr Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
title_short Characterization of Post-Production Waste from Winemaking of Selected <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Varieties Grown in Temperate Climates and Their Energy Valorization
title_sort characterization of post production waste from winemaking of selected i vitis vinifera i l varieties grown in temperate climates and their energy valorization
topic grapevine yield
wine production waste biomass
energy potential
biofuel
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/3/663
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