Diagrammatics, pentagon equations, and hexagon equations of topological orders with loop- and membrane-like excitations

Abstract In spacetime dimensions of 4 (i.e., 3+1) and higher, topological orders exhibit spatially extended excitations like loops and membranes, which support diverse topological data characterizing braiding, fusion, and shrinking processes, despite the absence of anyons. Our understanding of these...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yizhou Huang, Zhi-Feng Zhang, Peng Ye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)238
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