Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil
<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Genetic variants in cytokine genes such as <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>TNF</i> may influence inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and affect disease severity. This study investigates the role of these variants in relat...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1403 |
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| author | Mariléa Furtado Feira Renan Cesar Sbruzzi Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza Vitória Carolina Griebeler Tatiana Schaffer Gregianini Letícia Garay Martins Nathan Araujo Cadore Jose Artur Bogo Chies Thayne Woycinck Kowalski Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna |
| author_facet | Mariléa Furtado Feira Renan Cesar Sbruzzi Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza Vitória Carolina Griebeler Tatiana Schaffer Gregianini Letícia Garay Martins Nathan Araujo Cadore Jose Artur Bogo Chies Thayne Woycinck Kowalski Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna |
| author_sort | Mariléa Furtado Feira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives:</b> Genetic variants in cytokine genes such as <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>TNF</i> may influence inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and affect disease severity. This study investigates the role of these variants in relation to COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 500 unvaccinated individuals from southern Brazil diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR were analyzed. DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs and genotyped for functional variants selected based on evidence of regulatory function and prior associations with inflammatory outcomes—<i>IL1B</i> (rs4848306, rs1143623, rs16944, rs1143627), <i>IL6</i> (rs1800795, rs2069832, rs2069840, rs2069845), and <i>TNF</i> (rs1799964, rs1800630, rs1799724, rs1800629, rs361525). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, was employed to assess the association between these genetic variants and severe clinical outcomes. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that the <i>IL1B</i> rs16944-AG (OR: 1.98 [95% CI: 1.22–3.23], <i>p</i> = 0.006) and <i>TNF</i> rs1799964-CT (OR: 1.97 [95% CI: 1.22–3.22], <i>p</i> = 0.006) genotypes were associated with the need for hospitalization, while TNF rs1800630-AA (OR: 2.37 [95% CI: 1.08–5.33], <i>p</i> = 0.034) was associated with ICU admission. Additionally, the CC genotype of <i>TNF</i> rs1799964 was associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR: 3.73 [95% CI: 1.21–14.37], <i>p</i> = 0.034). <b>Conclusions:</b> Genetic variants—specifically <i>IL1B</i> rs16944 and rs1143627, and <i>TNF</i> rs1799964 and rs1800630—were associated with COVID-19 severity and should be further investigated in larger studies to evaluate their potential as predictive markers of severe outcomes in COVID-19. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af96cdec4a9240ae907f1ad9697a7c5d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-af96cdec4a9240ae907f1ad9697a7c5d2025-08-20T02:33:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-05-011511140310.3390/diagnostics15111403Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern BrazilMariléa Furtado Feira0Renan Cesar Sbruzzi1Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza2Vitória Carolina Griebeler3Tatiana Schaffer Gregianini4Letícia Garay Martins5Nathan Araujo Cadore6Jose Artur Bogo Chies7Thayne Woycinck Kowalski8Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna9Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilLaboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, BrazilLaboratório Central do Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN), Secretaria da Saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN/CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90620-000, RS, BrazilCentro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul (CEVS/SES-RS), Porto Alegre 90620-000, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilPostgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology (PPGBM), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Genetic variants in cytokine genes such as <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>TNF</i> may influence inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2 and affect disease severity. This study investigates the role of these variants in relation to COVID-19 outcomes, including hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 500 unvaccinated individuals from southern Brazil diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR were analyzed. DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs and genotyped for functional variants selected based on evidence of regulatory function and prior associations with inflammatory outcomes—<i>IL1B</i> (rs4848306, rs1143623, rs16944, rs1143627), <i>IL6</i> (rs1800795, rs2069832, rs2069840, rs2069845), and <i>TNF</i> (rs1799964, rs1800630, rs1799724, rs1800629, rs361525). Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex and age, was employed to assess the association between these genetic variants and severe clinical outcomes. <b>Results:</b> The results indicated that the <i>IL1B</i> rs16944-AG (OR: 1.98 [95% CI: 1.22–3.23], <i>p</i> = 0.006) and <i>TNF</i> rs1799964-CT (OR: 1.97 [95% CI: 1.22–3.22], <i>p</i> = 0.006) genotypes were associated with the need for hospitalization, while TNF rs1800630-AA (OR: 2.37 [95% CI: 1.08–5.33], <i>p</i> = 0.034) was associated with ICU admission. Additionally, the CC genotype of <i>TNF</i> rs1799964 was associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR: 3.73 [95% CI: 1.21–14.37], <i>p</i> = 0.034). <b>Conclusions:</b> Genetic variants—specifically <i>IL1B</i> rs16944 and rs1143627, and <i>TNF</i> rs1799964 and rs1800630—were associated with COVID-19 severity and should be further investigated in larger studies to evaluate their potential as predictive markers of severe outcomes in COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1403SARS-CoV-2inflammatory responsegenetic polymorphismsdisease severityBrazilian population |
| spellingShingle | Mariléa Furtado Feira Renan Cesar Sbruzzi Miriãn Ferrão Maciel-Fiuza Vitória Carolina Griebeler Tatiana Schaffer Gregianini Letícia Garay Martins Nathan Araujo Cadore Jose Artur Bogo Chies Thayne Woycinck Kowalski Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil Diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory response genetic polymorphisms disease severity Brazilian population |
| title | Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil |
| title_full | Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil |
| title_short | Association Between Genetic Variants in <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>IL1B</i> Genes and Severity of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patients from Southern Brazil |
| title_sort | association between genetic variants in i tnf i i il6 i and i il1b i genes and severity of covid 19 a cross sectional study of patients from southern brazil |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory response genetic polymorphisms disease severity Brazilian population |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1403 |
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