Optimized Spectral and Spatial Design of High-Uniformity and Energy-Efficient LED Lighting for Italian Lettuce Cultivation in Miniature Plant Factories

Optimized Spectral and Spatial Design of High-Uniformity and Energy-Efficient LED Lighting for Italian Lettuce Cultivation in Miniature Plant Factories

Optimizing artificial lighting in controlled-environment agriculture is crucial for enhancing crop productivity and resource efficiency. This study presents a spectral–spatial co-optimization strategy for LED lighting tailored to the physiological needs of Italian lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zihan Wang, Haitong Huang, Mingming Shi, Yuheng Xiong, Jiang Wang, Yilin Wang, Jun Zou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Horticulturae
Subjects:
LED spectral customization
miniature plant factory
PSO optimization
PPFD uniformity
energy efficiency
absorption-guided lighting design
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/7/779
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