Assessing Milk Authenticity Using Protein and Peptide Biomarkers: A Decade of Progress in Species Differentiation and Fraud Detection

Assessing Milk Authenticity Using Protein and Peptide Biomarkers: A Decade of Progress in Species Differentiation and Fraud Detection

Milk is a nutritionally rich food and a frequent target of economically motivated adulteration, particularly through substitution with lower-cost milk types. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in the authentication of milk using advanced proteomic and chemometric approaches, wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Achilleas Karamoutsios, Pelagia Lekka, Chrysoula Chrysa Voidarou, Marilena Dasenaki, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Ioannis Skoufos, Athina Tzora
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
milk
species identification
proteomics
peptide biomarkers
caseins
whey proteins
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2588
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