Elevated Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 1 Is Associated with Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

Elevated Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 1 Is Associated with Left and Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Low-grade systemic inflammation, characteristic of heart failure (HF), is a nonspecific inflammatory syndrome that affects the entire body. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1 (MIF-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, a key mediator of the innate immune r...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Timea Magdolna Szabo, Mihály Vass, Márta Germán-Salló, Attila Frigy, Előd Ernő Nagy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
heart failure
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
macrophage migration inhibitory factor 1
systemic inflammation
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/5/1087
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