Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk
The feasibility of exogenously adding leucine (Leu) to produce branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) enriched milk by simulating rumen fermentation in vitro and feeding study in vivo was investigated. Treatments for in vitro fermentation trial were control, 0 mM of Leu (CON1); 1 mM of Leu (LEU1); 2 mM o...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001991 |
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| author | Lingling Sun Tengfei Zhan Yisha Liu Lu Ma Zitai Guo James T. Brenna Dengpan Bu |
| author_facet | Lingling Sun Tengfei Zhan Yisha Liu Lu Ma Zitai Guo James T. Brenna Dengpan Bu |
| author_sort | Lingling Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The feasibility of exogenously adding leucine (Leu) to produce branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) enriched milk by simulating rumen fermentation in vitro and feeding study in vivo was investigated. Treatments for in vitro fermentation trial were control, 0 mM of Leu (CON1); 1 mM of Leu (LEU1); 2 mM of Leu (LEU2); and 4 mM of Leu (LEU4). For the in vivo feeding study, 20 Holstein dairy cows were allocated to 2 treatments: control, 0 g/cow/d Leu (CON2; n = 10); and 80 g/cow/d Leu supplementation (LEU80; n = 10). The concentration of BCFA including iso-13:0 (P < 0.01), iso-15:0 (P < 0.01), anteiso-15:0 (P < 0.01), iso-16:0 (P = 0.02) and total BCFA (P = 0.01) in fermentation liquid increased linearly with increasing Leu inclusion rates. According to 16S rRNA sequencing, the abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.04), Clostridia (P = 0.03) and Saccharofermentans (P = 0.04) in the LEU4 group were higher compared to CON1 group. Pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites are primarily associated with lysine degradation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, trothane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. In the in vivo trial, the result showed that Leu supplementation increased the concentration of BCFA in milk, including iso-13:0 (P = 0.01), iso-15:0 (P = 0.02), anteiso-15:0 (P = 0.01), iso-16:0 (P = 0.01), iso-17:0 (P = 0.02), and anteiso-17:0 (P < 0.02). Compared to the CON2 group, the concentration of total BCFA was increased by 26.2 % (891 μg/mL vs 706 μg/mL). In conclusion, supplementation of dairy cow's diets with Leu can enrich BCFA in milk. This can be useful for the design and development of functional dairy products that are beneficial for human health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab9bc53b861542438da9d0c39d98d247 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-1543 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Agriculture and Food Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab9bc53b861542438da9d0c39d98d2472025-08-20T03:25:08ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-06-012110182810.1016/j.jafr.2025.101828Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milkLingling Sun0Tengfei Zhan1Yisha Liu2Lu Ma3Zitai Guo4James T. Brenna5Dengpan Bu6State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Department of Animal Science, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, 261061, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, ChinaDepartments of Nutrition and Chemistry, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78723, United StatesState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Beijing, 100193, China; Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.The feasibility of exogenously adding leucine (Leu) to produce branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) enriched milk by simulating rumen fermentation in vitro and feeding study in vivo was investigated. Treatments for in vitro fermentation trial were control, 0 mM of Leu (CON1); 1 mM of Leu (LEU1); 2 mM of Leu (LEU2); and 4 mM of Leu (LEU4). For the in vivo feeding study, 20 Holstein dairy cows were allocated to 2 treatments: control, 0 g/cow/d Leu (CON2; n = 10); and 80 g/cow/d Leu supplementation (LEU80; n = 10). The concentration of BCFA including iso-13:0 (P < 0.01), iso-15:0 (P < 0.01), anteiso-15:0 (P < 0.01), iso-16:0 (P = 0.02) and total BCFA (P = 0.01) in fermentation liquid increased linearly with increasing Leu inclusion rates. According to 16S rRNA sequencing, the abundances of Firmicutes (P = 0.04), Clostridia (P = 0.03) and Saccharofermentans (P = 0.04) in the LEU4 group were higher compared to CON1 group. Pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites are primarily associated with lysine degradation, glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism, trothane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. In the in vivo trial, the result showed that Leu supplementation increased the concentration of BCFA in milk, including iso-13:0 (P = 0.01), iso-15:0 (P = 0.02), anteiso-15:0 (P = 0.01), iso-16:0 (P = 0.01), iso-17:0 (P = 0.02), and anteiso-17:0 (P < 0.02). Compared to the CON2 group, the concentration of total BCFA was increased by 26.2 % (891 μg/mL vs 706 μg/mL). In conclusion, supplementation of dairy cow's diets with Leu can enrich BCFA in milk. This can be useful for the design and development of functional dairy products that are beneficial for human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001991Dairy cowBranched-chain fatty acidsLeucineMilkRuminal bacterial community |
| spellingShingle | Lingling Sun Tengfei Zhan Yisha Liu Lu Ma Zitai Guo James T. Brenna Dengpan Bu Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk Journal of Agriculture and Food Research Dairy cow Branched-chain fatty acids Leucine Milk Ruminal bacterial community |
| title | Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk |
| title_full | Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk |
| title_fullStr | Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk |
| title_short | Leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched-chain fatty acids in cow's milk |
| title_sort | leucine as a feed additive enhances the concentration of branched chain fatty acids in cow s milk |
| topic | Dairy cow Branched-chain fatty acids Leucine Milk Ruminal bacterial community |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154325001991 |
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