Stable Convergent Polyneuronal Innervation and Altered Synapse Elimination in <i>Orbicularis oculi</i> Muscles from Patients with Blepharospasm Responding Poorly to Recurrent Botulinum Type-A Neurotoxin Injections

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A), which blocks quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), has demonstrated its efficacy in the symptomatic treatment of blepharospasm. In 3.89% of patients treated for blepharospasm at Tenon Hospital, BoNT/A was no longer effective in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Brigitte Girard, Aurélie Couesnon, Emmanuelle Girard, Jordi Molgó
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Toxins
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/12/506
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