SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis

Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces extensive neuronal cell death, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs, along with hemoglobin and cell corpses, trigger localized inflammation. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) plays a crucial role in efferoc...

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Main Authors: Bingtao Zhang, Yan Zou, Qikai Tang, Zixuan Yuan, Kun Jiang, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Shujuan Chen, Qi Wu, Xiaoming Zhou, Xin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Neuroinflammation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03414-6
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author Bingtao Zhang
Yan Zou
Qikai Tang
Zixuan Yuan
Kun Jiang
Zhaoxiang Zhang
Shujuan Chen
Qi Wu
Xiaoming Zhou
Xin Zhang
author_facet Bingtao Zhang
Yan Zou
Qikai Tang
Zixuan Yuan
Kun Jiang
Zhaoxiang Zhang
Shujuan Chen
Qi Wu
Xiaoming Zhou
Xin Zhang
author_sort Bingtao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces extensive neuronal cell death, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs, along with hemoglobin and cell corpses, trigger localized inflammation. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) plays a crucial role in efferocytosis by acting as a “don’t eat-me” signal, modulating inflammation and tissue homeostasis. However, the precise function and regulatory mechanisms of SIRPα in efferocytosis remain unclear. Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reveals that SIRPα levels are significantly elevated in the CSF of SAH patients and correlate with clinical outcomes. In vivo and in vitro studies show that microglial knockdown of SIRPα promotes efferocytosis and attenuates neuroinflammation following SAH. SIRPα inhibits efferocytosis by recruiting and phosphorylating SHP1 and SHP2 through phosphorylation of four tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain, with SHP1 playing a particularly critical role. Mutation of these tyrosine residues to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues enhances efferocytosis and reduces neuroinflammation in vitro. RNA-seq analysis suggests that this mutation upregulates the expression of “eat-me” signals, MerTK and CD36, and identifies STAT6 as a key transcription factor involved in this process. In conclusion, SIRPα plays a central role in regulating microglia efferocytosis and neuroinflammation after SAH via the SHP1/STAT6 axis. Targeting this pathway may provide a promising therapeutic approach for SAH.
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spelling doaj-art-aa987c24b69b4c8ebc85cfa55c01231b2025-08-20T02:52:19ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942025-03-0122112110.1186/s12974-025-03414-6SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axisBingtao Zhang0Yan Zou1Qikai Tang2Zixuan Yuan3Kun Jiang4Zhaoxiang Zhang5Shujuan Chen6Qi Wu7Xiaoming Zhou8Xin Zhang9Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityDepartment of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing UniversityAbstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage induces extensive neuronal cell death, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs, along with hemoglobin and cell corpses, trigger localized inflammation. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) plays a crucial role in efferocytosis by acting as a “don’t eat-me” signal, modulating inflammation and tissue homeostasis. However, the precise function and regulatory mechanisms of SIRPα in efferocytosis remain unclear. Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reveals that SIRPα levels are significantly elevated in the CSF of SAH patients and correlate with clinical outcomes. In vivo and in vitro studies show that microglial knockdown of SIRPα promotes efferocytosis and attenuates neuroinflammation following SAH. SIRPα inhibits efferocytosis by recruiting and phosphorylating SHP1 and SHP2 through phosphorylation of four tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain, with SHP1 playing a particularly critical role. Mutation of these tyrosine residues to non-phosphorylatable alanine residues enhances efferocytosis and reduces neuroinflammation in vitro. RNA-seq analysis suggests that this mutation upregulates the expression of “eat-me” signals, MerTK and CD36, and identifies STAT6 as a key transcription factor involved in this process. In conclusion, SIRPα plays a central role in regulating microglia efferocytosis and neuroinflammation after SAH via the SHP1/STAT6 axis. Targeting this pathway may provide a promising therapeutic approach for SAH.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03414-6Subarachnoid hemorrhageNeuroinflammationEfferocytosisSignal regulatory protein alphaSignal transducer and activator of transcription 6
spellingShingle Bingtao Zhang
Yan Zou
Qikai Tang
Zixuan Yuan
Kun Jiang
Zhaoxiang Zhang
Shujuan Chen
Qi Wu
Xiaoming Zhou
Xin Zhang
SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
Journal of Neuroinflammation
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Neuroinflammation
Efferocytosis
Signal regulatory protein alpha
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
title SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
title_full SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
title_fullStr SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
title_full_unstemmed SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
title_short SIRPα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the SHP1/STAT6 axis
title_sort sirpα modulates microglial efferocytosis and neuroinflammation following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage via the shp1 stat6 axis
topic Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Neuroinflammation
Efferocytosis
Signal regulatory protein alpha
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-025-03414-6
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