Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries

This mixed-methods study explores the relationship between internal motivation and learning environment support in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms among students with diverse learning needs across four European contexts. Ninety-five students with visual, hearing, mobility impairments,...

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Main Authors: Marianthi Karatsiori, Trisevgeni Liontou, Ewa Domagala-Zysk, Mojca Poredoš, Milena Košak Babuder, Karin Vogt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1569323/full
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author Marianthi Karatsiori
Trisevgeni Liontou
Ewa Domagala-Zysk
Mojca Poredoš
Milena Košak Babuder
Karin Vogt
author_facet Marianthi Karatsiori
Trisevgeni Liontou
Ewa Domagala-Zysk
Mojca Poredoš
Milena Košak Babuder
Karin Vogt
author_sort Marianthi Karatsiori
collection DOAJ
description This mixed-methods study explores the relationship between internal motivation and learning environment support in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms among students with diverse learning needs across four European contexts. Ninety-five students with visual, hearing, mobility impairments, or specific learning difficulties participated. Drawing on quantitative data from the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale and qualitative interviews, the study examines how teacher support, peer collaboration, and technological tools shape learners’ experiences. While both teacher and peer support significantly predict internal motivation, the strength and nature of this relationship vary depending on the type of learning need. In particular, teacher support was most influential for students with visual impairments and learning difficulties, while peer support played a greater role for students with hearing and mobility support needs. Notably, students’ motivation often appeared to be independent of classroom-based support, with family encouragement emerging as a key informal driver. The study also identifies critical gaps in assistive technology training and access, with many students reporting limited instruction and inconsistent technical support. Students emphasized the need for accessible digital materials, flexible assessment strategies, and better-prepared teachers. Qualitative findings highlight preferences for structured environments, multimodal learning, and varied collaboration formats—individual, pair, or group—depending on students’ specific support needs and classroom contexts. These results point to the need for targeted teacher education, inclusive pedagogical design, and sustained systemic efforts to ensure equity in language learning for students with diverse profiles.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-aa593522e0eb4d34bf75c779cb8b447b2025-08-20T03:50:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-07-011010.3389/feduc.2025.15693231569323Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countriesMarianthi Karatsiori0Trisevgeni Liontou1Ewa Domagala-Zysk2Mojca Poredoš3Milena Košak Babuder4Karin Vogt5Department of Education and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of English Language and Literature, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GreeceDepartment of Special Pedagogy, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, PolandDepartment of Special and Rehabilitation Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Special and Rehabilitation Education, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaHeidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, GermanyThis mixed-methods study explores the relationship between internal motivation and learning environment support in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms among students with diverse learning needs across four European contexts. Ninety-five students with visual, hearing, mobility impairments, or specific learning difficulties participated. Drawing on quantitative data from the Foreign Language Enjoyment Scale and qualitative interviews, the study examines how teacher support, peer collaboration, and technological tools shape learners’ experiences. While both teacher and peer support significantly predict internal motivation, the strength and nature of this relationship vary depending on the type of learning need. In particular, teacher support was most influential for students with visual impairments and learning difficulties, while peer support played a greater role for students with hearing and mobility support needs. Notably, students’ motivation often appeared to be independent of classroom-based support, with family encouragement emerging as a key informal driver. The study also identifies critical gaps in assistive technology training and access, with many students reporting limited instruction and inconsistent technical support. Students emphasized the need for accessible digital materials, flexible assessment strategies, and better-prepared teachers. Qualitative findings highlight preferences for structured environments, multimodal learning, and varied collaboration formats—individual, pair, or group—depending on students’ specific support needs and classroom contexts. These results point to the need for targeted teacher education, inclusive pedagogical design, and sustained systemic efforts to ensure equity in language learning for students with diverse profiles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1569323/fullforeign language learningdiverse learning needsinternal motivationteacher supportpeer supportassistive technologies
spellingShingle Marianthi Karatsiori
Trisevgeni Liontou
Ewa Domagala-Zysk
Mojca Poredoš
Milena Košak Babuder
Karin Vogt
Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
Frontiers in Education
foreign language learning
diverse learning needs
internal motivation
teacher support
peer support
assistive technologies
title Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
title_full Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
title_fullStr Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
title_full_unstemmed Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
title_short Internal motivation vs. learning environment support in EFL: evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four European countries
title_sort internal motivation vs learning environment support in efl evidence from students with diverse learning needs across four european countries
topic foreign language learning
diverse learning needs
internal motivation
teacher support
peer support
assistive technologies
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1569323/full
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