Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking
Background: Electronic cigarettes are rising in popularity not only amongst those who smoke cigarettes but also amongst the youth. Although thought to be less harmful than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are now the subject of considerable debate. This study aimed to assess oral hygiene s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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College of Dentistry/ University of Baghdad
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/3902 |
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| author | Zainab M Abdul-Jabbar Nibal M Hoobi |
| author_facet | Zainab M Abdul-Jabbar Nibal M Hoobi |
| author_sort | Zainab M Abdul-Jabbar |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Background: Electronic cigarettes are rising in popularity not only amongst those who smoke cigarettes but also amongst the youth. Although thought to be less harmful than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are now the subject of considerable debate. This study aimed to assess oral hygiene status, gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 80 college students aged 18–25 years old, who were divided into 40 users of electronic cigarettes and 40 non-users who were enrolled as the control group. They had been diagnosed for plaque index and calculus index according to the calculus component of the Periodontal Disease Index and gingival index. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay was used to chemically evaluate unstimulated salivary samples for the detection of alkaline phosphatase. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS version 22. Results: Results showed that electronic cigarette smokers had significantly higher mean values of plaque index, gingival index and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration than the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the calculus index. Conclusion: This study revealed that daily use of electronic cigarettes is linked to an increased chance of poor oral health in adults, and using them increases the odds of developing periodontal disease and teeth loss.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a9dd166ac2bd49b4b880deadd8df4079 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1817-1869 2311-5270 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | College of Dentistry/ University of Baghdad |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-a9dd166ac2bd49b4b880deadd8df40792025-08-20T02:03:07ZengCollege of Dentistry/ University of BaghdadJournal of Baghdad College of Dentistry1817-18692311-52702025-03-0137110.26477/jbcd.v37i1.3902Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smokingZainab M Abdul-Jabbar0Nibal M Hoobi 1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-4121Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. P.O. box 1417, Iraq.Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad. P.O. box 1417, Iraq Background: Electronic cigarettes are rising in popularity not only amongst those who smoke cigarettes but also amongst the youth. Although thought to be less harmful than regular cigarettes, electronic cigarettes are now the subject of considerable debate. This study aimed to assess oral hygiene status, gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 80 college students aged 18–25 years old, who were divided into 40 users of electronic cigarettes and 40 non-users who were enrolled as the control group. They had been diagnosed for plaque index and calculus index according to the calculus component of the Periodontal Disease Index and gingival index. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay was used to chemically evaluate unstimulated salivary samples for the detection of alkaline phosphatase. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS version 22. Results: Results showed that electronic cigarette smokers had significantly higher mean values of plaque index, gingival index and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration than the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the calculus index. Conclusion: This study revealed that daily use of electronic cigarettes is linked to an increased chance of poor oral health in adults, and using them increases the odds of developing periodontal disease and teeth loss. https://www.jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/3902electronic cigaretteplaque indexgingival indexalkaline phosphatase |
| spellingShingle | Zainab M Abdul-Jabbar Nibal M Hoobi Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry electronic cigarette plaque index gingival index alkaline phosphatase |
| title | Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| title_full | Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| title_fullStr | Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| title_short | Gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| title_sort | gingival health condition and salivary alkaline phosphatase concentration in relation to electronic cigarette smoking |
| topic | electronic cigarette plaque index gingival index alkaline phosphatase |
| url | https://www.jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/3902 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zainabmabduljabbar gingivalhealthconditionandsalivaryalkalinephosphataseconcentrationinrelationtoelectroniccigarettesmoking AT nibalmhoobi gingivalhealthconditionandsalivaryalkalinephosphataseconcentrationinrelationtoelectroniccigarettesmoking |