Enhancing human osteoblast to osteocyte-like cell differentiation using 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid combination

Enhancing human osteoblast to osteocyte-like cell differentiation using 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and all-trans retinoic acid combination

Background: The individual effects of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on osteogenesis have been studied in two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models, but the combined effect of these vitamins remains largely unexplored. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap we ev...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: A Munir, AE Agger, A Samara, JE Reseland, LB Solberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Forum Multimedia Publishing LLC 2025-06-01
Series:European Cells & Materials
Subjects:
osteocytes
osteoblasts
atra
25(oh)d3
in vitro
Online Access:https://www.ecmjournal.org/papers/vol051/vol051a09.php
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