Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity

Summary: This study explores the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on telomere maintenance, an aging-related process, in immune cells. While BCG reduces systemic inflammation and enhances innate immune responsiveness by inducing trained immunity, its effects on other immune aging...

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Main Authors: Ozlem Bulut, Valerie A.C.M. Koeken, Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag, Charlotte J. de Bree, Vera P. Mourits, Gizem Kilic, Priya A. Debisarun, Marijke P.A. Baltissen, Joost H.A. Martens, Jorge Domínguez-Andrés, Leo A.B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014208
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author Ozlem Bulut
Valerie A.C.M. Koeken
Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag
Charlotte J. de Bree
Vera P. Mourits
Gizem Kilic
Priya A. Debisarun
Marijke P.A. Baltissen
Joost H.A. Martens
Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
Leo A.B. Joosten
Mihai G. Netea
author_facet Ozlem Bulut
Valerie A.C.M. Koeken
Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag
Charlotte J. de Bree
Vera P. Mourits
Gizem Kilic
Priya A. Debisarun
Marijke P.A. Baltissen
Joost H.A. Martens
Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
Leo A.B. Joosten
Mihai G. Netea
author_sort Ozlem Bulut
collection DOAJ
description Summary: This study explores the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on telomere maintenance, an aging-related process, in immune cells. While BCG reduces systemic inflammation and enhances innate immune responsiveness by inducing trained immunity, its effects on other immune aging hallmarks, such as telomere shortening, are not fully understood. We assessed telomere length in two independent human cohorts before and three months after BCG vaccination. Telomere shortening was consistently observed after BCG, but not after placebo vaccination. Trained immunity non-responders were likelier to lose telomere length, but only among males. Higher pre-vaccination testosterone levels were associated with greater telomere loss in males. In vitro, BCG training activated telomerase, particularly in females, and this was partially prevented by exogenous testosterone. These findings suggest BCG vaccination influences telomere dynamics in a sex-specific manner, contributing to understanding BCG’s broader effects on aging-related processes.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2589-0042
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series iScience
spelling doaj-art-a8eb49232de84506b5ac7ea19e54e1482025-08-20T03:45:03ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-08-0128811315910.1016/j.isci.2025.113159Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activityOzlem Bulut0Valerie A.C.M. Koeken1Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag2Charlotte J. de Bree3Vera P. Mourits4Gizem Kilic5Priya A. Debisarun6Marijke P.A. Baltissen7Joost H.A. Martens8Jorge Domínguez-Andrés9Leo A.B. Joosten10Mihai G. Netea11Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Corresponding authorDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Corresponding authorSummary: This study explores the effects of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on telomere maintenance, an aging-related process, in immune cells. While BCG reduces systemic inflammation and enhances innate immune responsiveness by inducing trained immunity, its effects on other immune aging hallmarks, such as telomere shortening, are not fully understood. We assessed telomere length in two independent human cohorts before and three months after BCG vaccination. Telomere shortening was consistently observed after BCG, but not after placebo vaccination. Trained immunity non-responders were likelier to lose telomere length, but only among males. Higher pre-vaccination testosterone levels were associated with greater telomere loss in males. In vitro, BCG training activated telomerase, particularly in females, and this was partially prevented by exogenous testosterone. These findings suggest BCG vaccination influences telomere dynamics in a sex-specific manner, contributing to understanding BCG’s broader effects on aging-related processes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014208ImmunologyAgeCell biology
spellingShingle Ozlem Bulut
Valerie A.C.M. Koeken
Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag
Charlotte J. de Bree
Vera P. Mourits
Gizem Kilic
Priya A. Debisarun
Marijke P.A. Baltissen
Joost H.A. Martens
Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
Leo A.B. Joosten
Mihai G. Netea
Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
iScience
Immunology
Age
Cell biology
title Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
title_full Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
title_fullStr Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
title_full_unstemmed Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
title_short Long-term effects of BCG vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
title_sort long term effects of bcg vaccination on telomere length and telomerase activity
topic Immunology
Age
Cell biology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225014208
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