4D-Printed fiber-reinforced liquid crystal elastomer composites for multifunctional soft robots with self-heating actuation

Fabrication of flexible actuators with precise deformability, self-heating actuation, and flexibility remain challenging due to limited mechanical properties, sensitivity to ambient temperature, and complexities in multi-material integration. In this study, continuous fibre-reinforced 4D printing te...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Daokang Zhang, Xiaoyong Tian, Yanli Zhou, Dichen Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virtual and Physical Prototyping
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17452759.2025.2499927
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