Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer
IntroductionPlasmid-driven horizontal transfer of resistance genes in bacterial communities is a major factor in the spread of resistance worldwide. The gut microbiome, teeming with billions of microorganisms, serves as a reservoir for resistance genes. The metabolites of gut microorganisms strongly...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564810/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849736322241003520 |
|---|---|
| author | Jialiang Xu Mengke Zhang Mengke Zhang Yi Yan Zhe Li Xin Lu |
| author_facet | Jialiang Xu Mengke Zhang Mengke Zhang Yi Yan Zhe Li Xin Lu |
| author_sort | Jialiang Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPlasmid-driven horizontal transfer of resistance genes in bacterial communities is a major factor in the spread of resistance worldwide. The gut microbiome, teeming with billions of microorganisms, serves as a reservoir for resistance genes. The metabolites of gut microorganisms strongly influence the physiology of their microbial community, but the role of the metabolites in the transfer of resistance genes remains unclear.MethodsA dual-fluorescence conjugation model was established. We assessed the effects of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and disodium succinate (DS) on plasmid transfer using conjugation assays. The growth of bacteria (donors, recipients, and transconjugants), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and membrane permeability were measured under IBA and DS exposure. The plasmid copy number, and transcriptional levels of conjugation-related genes (including the related genes of the regulation of ROS production, the SOS response, cell membrane permeability, pilus generation, ATP synthesis, and the type IV secretion system (T4SS) ) were evaluated by qPCR.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that IBA and DS at low concentrations, which can also be ingested through diet, enhance the interspecies transfer ratio of IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid in Escherichia coli. At 20 mg/L, the transfer ratios in the presence of IBA or DS increased by 2.5- and 2.7-fold compared to that of the control, respectively. Exposure to this concentration of IBA or DS increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the SOS response, cell membrane permeability, and plasmid copy number. The transcription of genes of the related pathways and of pilus, ATP, and the T4SS was upregulated. DiscussionOur findings revealed that low-dose gut microbiota metabolites—particularly those with dietary origins—promote plasmid-mediated resistance gene dissemination through multifaceted mechanisms involving oxidative stress, SOS activation, and conjugation machinery enhancement. This highlights potential public health risks associated with microbiota metabolites, especially those utilized in food production. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a71678bca31e4b52823307e1947e9fa2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a71678bca31e4b52823307e1947e9fa22025-08-20T03:07:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882025-06-011510.3389/fcimb.2025.15648101564810Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transferJialiang Xu0Mengke Zhang1Mengke Zhang2Yi Yan3Zhe Li4Xin Lu5School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionPlasmid-driven horizontal transfer of resistance genes in bacterial communities is a major factor in the spread of resistance worldwide. The gut microbiome, teeming with billions of microorganisms, serves as a reservoir for resistance genes. The metabolites of gut microorganisms strongly influence the physiology of their microbial community, but the role of the metabolites in the transfer of resistance genes remains unclear.MethodsA dual-fluorescence conjugation model was established. We assessed the effects of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and disodium succinate (DS) on plasmid transfer using conjugation assays. The growth of bacteria (donors, recipients, and transconjugants), the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and membrane permeability were measured under IBA and DS exposure. The plasmid copy number, and transcriptional levels of conjugation-related genes (including the related genes of the regulation of ROS production, the SOS response, cell membrane permeability, pilus generation, ATP synthesis, and the type IV secretion system (T4SS) ) were evaluated by qPCR.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that IBA and DS at low concentrations, which can also be ingested through diet, enhance the interspecies transfer ratio of IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid in Escherichia coli. At 20 mg/L, the transfer ratios in the presence of IBA or DS increased by 2.5- and 2.7-fold compared to that of the control, respectively. Exposure to this concentration of IBA or DS increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the SOS response, cell membrane permeability, and plasmid copy number. The transcription of genes of the related pathways and of pilus, ATP, and the T4SS was upregulated. DiscussionOur findings revealed that low-dose gut microbiota metabolites—particularly those with dietary origins—promote plasmid-mediated resistance gene dissemination through multifaceted mechanisms involving oxidative stress, SOS activation, and conjugation machinery enhancement. This highlights potential public health risks associated with microbiota metabolites, especially those utilized in food production.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564810/fullmcr-1-carrying plasmidintestinal flora metaboliteconjugationIncI2IBADS |
| spellingShingle | Jialiang Xu Mengke Zhang Mengke Zhang Yi Yan Zhe Li Xin Lu Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology mcr-1-carrying plasmid intestinal flora metabolite conjugation IncI2 IBA DS |
| title | Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer |
| title_full | Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer |
| title_fullStr | Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer |
| title_short | Intestinal flora metabolites indole-3-butyric acid and disodium succinate promote IncI2 mcr-1-carrying plasmid transfer |
| title_sort | intestinal flora metabolites indole 3 butyric acid and disodium succinate promote inci2 mcr 1 carrying plasmid transfer |
| topic | mcr-1-carrying plasmid intestinal flora metabolite conjugation IncI2 IBA DS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564810/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jialiangxu intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer AT mengkezhang intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer AT mengkezhang intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer AT yiyan intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer AT zheli intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer AT xinlu intestinalflorametabolitesindole3butyricacidanddisodiumsuccinatepromoteinci2mcr1carryingplasmidtransfer |