Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety

AimIn this study, we examined gender differences in fraction learning and explored potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe mediating effects of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety on gender differences in fraction learning were tested in elementary school students. A total of 165 sixth-grade...

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Main Authors: Ruhai Zhang, Zhongting Chen, Ciping Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1464501/full
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author Ruhai Zhang
Zhongting Chen
Zhongting Chen
Ciping Deng
Ciping Deng
author_facet Ruhai Zhang
Zhongting Chen
Zhongting Chen
Ciping Deng
Ciping Deng
author_sort Ruhai Zhang
collection DOAJ
description AimIn this study, we examined gender differences in fraction learning and explored potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe mediating effects of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety on gender differences in fraction learning were tested in elementary school students. A total of 165 sixth-grade students (83 girls) from public elementary schools participated in the study. All participants completed a series of tasks, including a mathematical anxiety test, two spatial ability tasks (spatial working memory and mental rotation tests), and a fraction knowledge test (incorporating fraction arithmetic, fraction number line, and fraction concept knowledge).ResultsSignificant gender differences exist in student performance in terms of fractional arithmetic, fractional number line estimation, mathematical anxiety, and spatial working memory. We also identified a chain-mediating effect of spatial working memory and mathematical anxiety on the relationship between gender and fractional arithmetic.ConclusionThe findings suggest a developmental pathway linking gender differences in spatial cognition to fraction learning, contributing to a better understanding of the cognitive and affective factors underlying gender differences in fraction learning during early adolescence. Furthermore, there are several practical implications for reducing gender differences in mathematics education during school years.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Psychology
spelling doaj-art-a6ad82d3459f4636a66bc2eb10b540fa2025-08-20T02:39:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782024-12-011510.3389/fpsyg.2024.14645011464501Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxietyRuhai Zhang0Zhongting Chen1Zhongting Chen2Ciping Deng3Ciping Deng4Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaAimIn this study, we examined gender differences in fraction learning and explored potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe mediating effects of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety on gender differences in fraction learning were tested in elementary school students. A total of 165 sixth-grade students (83 girls) from public elementary schools participated in the study. All participants completed a series of tasks, including a mathematical anxiety test, two spatial ability tasks (spatial working memory and mental rotation tests), and a fraction knowledge test (incorporating fraction arithmetic, fraction number line, and fraction concept knowledge).ResultsSignificant gender differences exist in student performance in terms of fractional arithmetic, fractional number line estimation, mathematical anxiety, and spatial working memory. We also identified a chain-mediating effect of spatial working memory and mathematical anxiety on the relationship between gender and fractional arithmetic.ConclusionThe findings suggest a developmental pathway linking gender differences in spatial cognition to fraction learning, contributing to a better understanding of the cognitive and affective factors underlying gender differences in fraction learning during early adolescence. Furthermore, there are several practical implications for reducing gender differences in mathematics education during school years.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1464501/fullgender differencespatial abilitymathematical anxietyfraction learningmediation effect
spellingShingle Ruhai Zhang
Zhongting Chen
Zhongting Chen
Ciping Deng
Ciping Deng
Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
Frontiers in Psychology
gender difference
spatial ability
mathematical anxiety
fraction learning
mediation effect
title Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
title_full Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
title_fullStr Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
title_full_unstemmed Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
title_short Gender differences in elementary school students’ fraction learning: roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
title_sort gender differences in elementary school students fraction learning roles of spatial ability and mathematical anxiety
topic gender difference
spatial ability
mathematical anxiety
fraction learning
mediation effect
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1464501/full
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AT zhongtingchen genderdifferencesinelementaryschoolstudentsfractionlearningrolesofspatialabilityandmathematicalanxiety
AT zhongtingchen genderdifferencesinelementaryschoolstudentsfractionlearningrolesofspatialabilityandmathematicalanxiety
AT cipingdeng genderdifferencesinelementaryschoolstudentsfractionlearningrolesofspatialabilityandmathematicalanxiety
AT cipingdeng genderdifferencesinelementaryschoolstudentsfractionlearningrolesofspatialabilityandmathematicalanxiety