Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles

A four-steering-wheel heavy-duty Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is prone to lateral instability and wheel slippage during acceleration, climbing, and small-radius turns. To address this issue, a trajectory tracking strategy considering lateral stability and an optimal driving torque distribution str...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xia Li, Xiaojie Chen, Shengzhan Chen, Benxue Liu, Chengming Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Machines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/383
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849327117483900928
author Xia Li
Xiaojie Chen
Shengzhan Chen
Benxue Liu
Chengming Wang
author_facet Xia Li
Xiaojie Chen
Shengzhan Chen
Benxue Liu
Chengming Wang
author_sort Xia Li
collection DOAJ
description A four-steering-wheel heavy-duty Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is prone to lateral instability and wheel slippage during acceleration, climbing, and small-radius turns. To address this issue, a trajectory tracking strategy considering lateral stability and an optimal driving torque distribution strategy considering load transfer and tire adhesion coefficient are proposed. Firstly, a three-degree-of-freedom AGV trajectory tracking model is established, tracking error and sideslip angle are incorporated into the cost function, and an improved model predictive trajectory tracking controller is proposed. Secondly, the longitudinal and yaw dynamic model of AGV is established, and vertical load transfer is analyzed. With the goal of minimizing tire adhesion utilization rate, quadratic programming is used for the optimal distribution of driving torque. Finally, through co-simulation using ADAMS and MATLAB on a narrow “climbing straight+ S-curve” road, the maximum tracking error is 0.0443 m. Compared to the unimproved model predictive control and average driving torque distribution strategy, the sideslip angle is reduced by 58.18%, the maximum tire adhesion utilization rate is reduced by 6.62%, and climbing gradeability on wet roads is enhanced.
format Article
id doaj-art-a527a13274da4d8dabfbbb02c812b000
institution Kabale University
issn 2075-1702
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Machines
spelling doaj-art-a527a13274da4d8dabfbbb02c812b0002025-08-20T03:47:58ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-05-0113538310.3390/machines13050383Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided VehiclesXia Li0Xiaojie Chen1Shengzhan Chen2Benxue Liu3Chengming Wang4School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaA four-steering-wheel heavy-duty Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) is prone to lateral instability and wheel slippage during acceleration, climbing, and small-radius turns. To address this issue, a trajectory tracking strategy considering lateral stability and an optimal driving torque distribution strategy considering load transfer and tire adhesion coefficient are proposed. Firstly, a three-degree-of-freedom AGV trajectory tracking model is established, tracking error and sideslip angle are incorporated into the cost function, and an improved model predictive trajectory tracking controller is proposed. Secondly, the longitudinal and yaw dynamic model of AGV is established, and vertical load transfer is analyzed. With the goal of minimizing tire adhesion utilization rate, quadratic programming is used for the optimal distribution of driving torque. Finally, through co-simulation using ADAMS and MATLAB on a narrow “climbing straight+ S-curve” road, the maximum tracking error is 0.0443 m. Compared to the unimproved model predictive control and average driving torque distribution strategy, the sideslip angle is reduced by 58.18%, the maximum tire adhesion utilization rate is reduced by 6.62%, and climbing gradeability on wet roads is enhanced.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/383four-steering-wheel AGVtrajectory trackingdriving torque distributionload transfertire adhesion utilization rate
spellingShingle Xia Li
Xiaojie Chen
Shengzhan Chen
Benxue Liu
Chengming Wang
Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
Machines
four-steering-wheel AGV
trajectory tracking
driving torque distribution
load transfer
tire adhesion utilization rate
title Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
title_full Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
title_fullStr Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
title_short Trajectory Tracking and Driving Torque Distribution Strategy for Four-Steering-Wheel Heavy-Duty Automated Guided Vehicles
title_sort trajectory tracking and driving torque distribution strategy for four steering wheel heavy duty automated guided vehicles
topic four-steering-wheel AGV
trajectory tracking
driving torque distribution
load transfer
tire adhesion utilization rate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/383
work_keys_str_mv AT xiali trajectorytrackinganddrivingtorquedistributionstrategyforfoursteeringwheelheavydutyautomatedguidedvehicles
AT xiaojiechen trajectorytrackinganddrivingtorquedistributionstrategyforfoursteeringwheelheavydutyautomatedguidedvehicles
AT shengzhanchen trajectorytrackinganddrivingtorquedistributionstrategyforfoursteeringwheelheavydutyautomatedguidedvehicles
AT benxueliu trajectorytrackinganddrivingtorquedistributionstrategyforfoursteeringwheelheavydutyautomatedguidedvehicles
AT chengmingwang trajectorytrackinganddrivingtorquedistributionstrategyforfoursteeringwheelheavydutyautomatedguidedvehicles