Spacetime perspective of gravitational lensing in perturbed cosmologies

Abstract We develop the spacetime approach to gravitational lensing by spherically symmetric perturbations of flat, cosmological constant-dominated Friedman-Robertson-Walker metrics. The geodesics of the spacetime are expressed as integral expressions which are used to examine the formation of multi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Thomas P. Kling, Sophia MacQueen Pooler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14856-6
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