Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Sex-related Differences Among Smoking and Non-smoking Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Matched Case–control Study

Clinical Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Sex-related Differences Among Smoking and Non-smoking Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Matched Case–control Study

Background: Smoking may increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is an important contributor to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of RA patients who were smokers compared with non-smokers. Methods: A total of 849...

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Main Authors: Hanan M. Fathi, Samar Tharwat, Khaled El Hadidi, Yousra H. Abdel-Fattah, Marwa A. Amer, Amira M. Ibrahim, Saad M. Elzokm, Hanan M. El-Saadany, Shereen Elwan, Doaa Mosad, Samah Ismail Nasef, Maha E. Ibrahim, Gehad G. Elsehrawy, Suzan S. Al-Adle, Nermeen Samy, Eman F. Mohamed, Enas A. Abdelaleem, Hanan Taha, Faten Ismail, Zahraa I. Selim, Nada M. Gamal, Ahmed Elsaman, Osman Hammam, Reem H. Mohammed, Nevin Hammam, Tamer A. Gheita, On Behalf of the Egyptian College of Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-04-01
Series:Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences
Subjects:
anti-ccp
das28
egypt
rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
sex
smoking
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_746_24
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