Efficacy and safety of topical vs. oral calcium channel blockers for chronic anal fissures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundCalcium channel blockers (CCBs) are first-line pharmacotherapy for chronic anal fissures (CAF), but the optimal administration route (oral vs. topical) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared efficacy and safety of oral vs. topical CCBs for CAF.MethodsPubMed and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tianshuo Li, Pengfei Ye, Xinli He, Chen Li, Lanlan Xi, Zuowu Xi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1642347/full
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