Multi-stage ESO-ADRC for frequency stabilization in off-grid systems with high renewable energy and EV penetration
Abstract Urban hybrid off-grid power systems (UHOGPS) face critical frequency stabilization challenges as renewable energy sources (RES) and electric vehicles (EVs) dominate modern grids, introducing complex nonlinearities, stochastic disturbances, and dynamic uncertainties. To address these limitat...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04947-9 |
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