A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration
The process of milk adulteration is undergone by adding various substances to milk with the intent of increasing the volume or improving the appearance of the product. The very general adulterants include water, urea, starch, detergent, and even animal fats. This practice is harmful to consumers, as...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Engineering Proceedings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/59/1/196 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850089543141687296 |
|---|---|
| author | Geetika Porwal Kusumlata Jain Smaranika Mohapatra Veena Dhayal Ishita Chopra |
| author_facet | Geetika Porwal Kusumlata Jain Smaranika Mohapatra Veena Dhayal Ishita Chopra |
| author_sort | Geetika Porwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The process of milk adulteration is undergone by adding various substances to milk with the intent of increasing the volume or improving the appearance of the product. The very general adulterants include water, urea, starch, detergent, and even animal fats. This practice is harmful to consumers, as it lowers the nutritional value of the milk and exposes them to potential health risks, such as bacterial infections, kidney damage, and gastrointestinal disorders. Milk adulteration is a widespread problem in many countries, particularly in developing nations, where regulations are often lax or poorly enforced. To combat this issue, various measures have been taken, such as implementing stricter regulations and penalties for violators, increasing public awareness about the dangers of contaminated milk, and encouraging farmers to use proper milking and storage practices. Overall, milk adulteration poses a serious threat to public health and safety, and it is essential that consumers remain vigilant and informed about the type of product being consumed. In the current study, it is observed that dairies and milk farms are using adulterants to such an extensive amount that it is leading to various health issues, as milk is used as a product by every age of the human race. The adulterant used in the current study was urea with a concentration of 10%. The NIR spectroscopy used in the study was used as a tool to identify the difference between an unadulterated and adulterated milk samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a32f656b362d43969ca159227af50ccc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2673-4591 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj-art-a32f656b362d43969ca159227af50ccc2025-08-20T02:42:45ZengMDPI AGEngineering Proceedings2673-45912024-01-0159119610.3390/engproc2023059196A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk AdulterationGeetika Porwal0Kusumlata Jain1Smaranika Mohapatra2Veena Dhayal3Ishita Chopra4Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Computer and Communication Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Information Technology, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, Rajasthan, IndiaThe process of milk adulteration is undergone by adding various substances to milk with the intent of increasing the volume or improving the appearance of the product. The very general adulterants include water, urea, starch, detergent, and even animal fats. This practice is harmful to consumers, as it lowers the nutritional value of the milk and exposes them to potential health risks, such as bacterial infections, kidney damage, and gastrointestinal disorders. Milk adulteration is a widespread problem in many countries, particularly in developing nations, where regulations are often lax or poorly enforced. To combat this issue, various measures have been taken, such as implementing stricter regulations and penalties for violators, increasing public awareness about the dangers of contaminated milk, and encouraging farmers to use proper milking and storage practices. Overall, milk adulteration poses a serious threat to public health and safety, and it is essential that consumers remain vigilant and informed about the type of product being consumed. In the current study, it is observed that dairies and milk farms are using adulterants to such an extensive amount that it is leading to various health issues, as milk is used as a product by every age of the human race. The adulterant used in the current study was urea with a concentration of 10%. The NIR spectroscopy used in the study was used as a tool to identify the difference between an unadulterated and adulterated milk samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/59/1/196milkadulterantsFTIRNIRmachine learning models |
| spellingShingle | Geetika Porwal Kusumlata Jain Smaranika Mohapatra Veena Dhayal Ishita Chopra A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration Engineering Proceedings milk adulterants FTIR NIR machine learning models |
| title | A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Analysis and Detection Methodology Using Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy to Unveil the Deceptive Practice of Milk Adulteration |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis and detection methodology using near infrared nir spectroscopy to unveil the deceptive practice of milk adulteration |
| topic | milk adulterants FTIR NIR machine learning models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/59/1/196 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geetikaporwal acomprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT kusumlatajain acomprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT smaranikamohapatra acomprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT veenadhayal acomprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT ishitachopra acomprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT geetikaporwal comprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT kusumlatajain comprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT smaranikamohapatra comprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT veenadhayal comprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration AT ishitachopra comprehensiveanalysisanddetectionmethodologyusingnearinfrarednirspectroscopytounveilthedeceptivepracticeofmilkadulteration |