GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice

GM-CSF production by immune cells in steady state and autoimmune neuroinflammation mapped using fate reporting mice

IntroductionGM-CSF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes an inflammatory phenotype in myeloid cells. The extent and pattern of GM-CSF expression in immune cells have not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to advance this topic using novel GM-CSF reporter/fate reporter transgenic mice.Methods...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Gholamreza Azizi, Javad Rasouli, Hamed Naziri, Michael V. Gonzalez, James Garifallou, Guang-Xian Zhang, Bogoljub Ciric, Abdolmohamad Rostami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
GM-CSF
CD4+ T cells
CXCR6
fate reporting
neuroinflammation
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1617074/full
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Summary:IntroductionGM-CSF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that promotes an inflammatory phenotype in myeloid cells. The extent and pattern of GM-CSF expression in immune cells have not been fully elucidated. Our goal was to advance this topic using novel GM-CSF reporter/fate reporter transgenic mice.MethodsWe tracked ongoing and past GM-CSF expression in various immune cells from multiple organs, in steady-state and autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS).ResultsThe GM-CSF expression patterns varied by cell type and organ, with CD4+, CD8+, and CD11b+ cells being the main producers. GM-CSF expression was transient and seemingly permanently lost in most cells over time. In a mouse model of CNS autoimmunity, effector memory CD4+ T cells were the dominant GM-CSF source in the CNS. A large proportion of CD4+ T cells that expressed GM-CSF also expressed CXCR6, but this chemokine receptor did not play a main role in the CNS autoimmunity. Transcriptomic analysis showed notably distinct gene expression profiles between effector memory CD4+ T cells that did and did not express GM-CSF.DiscussionThese findings identified distinct GM-CSF cellular sources across organs, highlighting the transient nature of GM-CSF expression and the correlation between its expression and the overall phenotype of effector memory CD4+ T cells.
ISSN:1664-3224

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