Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections
Objective: The present study sought to investigate the frequency of halitosis in a sample of smokers and non-smokers and the association of smoking and perceived oral bacterial infections. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 301 respondents. The structured questionnaire includ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Dentistry 3000 |
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| Online Access: | http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/view/981 |
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| _version_ | 1849230101586116608 |
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| author | Doaa Raad Alghaffari Mays Wael Sulaiman Al Alousi Raya Alani Dina Ahmed Mahdi |
| author_facet | Doaa Raad Alghaffari Mays Wael Sulaiman Al Alousi Raya Alani Dina Ahmed Mahdi |
| author_sort | Doaa Raad Alghaffari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Objective: The present study sought to investigate the frequency of halitosis in a sample of smokers and non-smokers and the association of smoking and perceived oral bacterial infections. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 301 respondents. The structured questionnaire included demographics, oral hygiene behaviors, medical and dental history, lifestyle behaviors, awareness of halitosis and its social consequences in others. Statistical analyses were performed with chi-square tests to identify any associations of halitosis and possible risk factors. Results: Among respondents, 22.9% self-reported using tobacco products while 63.4% self-reported experiencing halitosis sometimes or frequently. Smoking, periodontal disease, dental caries, poor clinical hygiene (not brushing, not flossing or using mouthwash) and some systemic diseases were related to self-reporting halitosis (P < 0.01). Only 9.6% of respondents accessed treatment. Most respondents (86%) realized their halitosis themselves rather than it being diagnosed professionally. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the relationship between smoking and self-reported halitosis and the need for greater awareness and tailored public health initiatives.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a07bfbc384114ce6a6eceec534ebdfa0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2167-8677 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | University Library System, University of Pittsburgh |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry 3000 |
| spelling | doaj-art-a07bfbc384114ce6a6eceec534ebdfa02025-08-21T12:41:30ZengUniversity Library System, University of PittsburghDentistry 30002167-86772025-08-0113110.5195/d3000.2025.981Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial InfectionsDoaa Raad Alghaffari0Mays Wael Sulaiman Al AlousiRaya AlaniDina Ahmed MahdiBoston University/ school of public health, United States, Texas 75407 Objective: The present study sought to investigate the frequency of halitosis in a sample of smokers and non-smokers and the association of smoking and perceived oral bacterial infections. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 301 respondents. The structured questionnaire included demographics, oral hygiene behaviors, medical and dental history, lifestyle behaviors, awareness of halitosis and its social consequences in others. Statistical analyses were performed with chi-square tests to identify any associations of halitosis and possible risk factors. Results: Among respondents, 22.9% self-reported using tobacco products while 63.4% self-reported experiencing halitosis sometimes or frequently. Smoking, periodontal disease, dental caries, poor clinical hygiene (not brushing, not flossing or using mouthwash) and some systemic diseases were related to self-reporting halitosis (P < 0.01). Only 9.6% of respondents accessed treatment. Most respondents (86%) realized their halitosis themselves rather than it being diagnosed professionally. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the relationship between smoking and self-reported halitosis and the need for greater awareness and tailored public health initiatives. http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/view/981HalitosisSmokingOral HygienePeriodontal DiseasesPublic HealthCross-Sectional Study |
| spellingShingle | Doaa Raad Alghaffari Mays Wael Sulaiman Al Alousi Raya Alani Dina Ahmed Mahdi Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections Dentistry 3000 Halitosis Smoking Oral Hygiene Periodontal Diseases Public Health Cross-Sectional Study |
| title | Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections |
| title_full | Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections |
| title_short | Impact of Smoking on Halitosis and Oral Bacterial Infections |
| title_sort | impact of smoking on halitosis and oral bacterial infections |
| topic | Halitosis Smoking Oral Hygiene Periodontal Diseases Public Health Cross-Sectional Study |
| url | http://dentistry3000.pitt.edu/ojs/dentistry3000/article/view/981 |
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