Effects of acute and chronic ammonia exposure on survival, growth and intestinal microbiota composition of hybrid carp

It is very important to evaluate the growth tolerance threshold of fish under long-term low ammonia exposure for water quality management in aquaculture. This study employed a sequential method to evaluate the tolerance of hybrid carp to both acute and chronic ammonia exposure. In stage 1, we estima...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yu Han, Xiaoqian Li, Xue Li, Shidong Wang, Muzi Zhang, Ming Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425002200
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