Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk

Abstract Sleep loss has been associated with increased seizure risk since antiquity. Using automated video detection of spontaneous seizures in Drosophila epilepsy models, we show that seizures worsen only when sleep restriction raises homeostatic “sleep drive,” not simply when total sleep amount fa...

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Main Authors: Vishnu Anand Cuddapah, Cynthia T. Hsu, Fernanda Valle Sirias, Yongjun Li, Hrishit M. Shah, Christopher Saul, Samantha Killiany, Camilo Guevara, Joy Shon, Zhifeng Yue, Gabrielle L. Gionet, Mary E. Putt, Amita Sehgal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62311-x
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author Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
Cynthia T. Hsu
Fernanda Valle Sirias
Yongjun Li
Hrishit M. Shah
Christopher Saul
Samantha Killiany
Camilo Guevara
Joy Shon
Zhifeng Yue
Gabrielle L. Gionet
Mary E. Putt
Amita Sehgal
author_facet Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
Cynthia T. Hsu
Fernanda Valle Sirias
Yongjun Li
Hrishit M. Shah
Christopher Saul
Samantha Killiany
Camilo Guevara
Joy Shon
Zhifeng Yue
Gabrielle L. Gionet
Mary E. Putt
Amita Sehgal
author_sort Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sleep loss has been associated with increased seizure risk since antiquity. Using automated video detection of spontaneous seizures in Drosophila epilepsy models, we show that seizures worsen only when sleep restriction raises homeostatic “sleep drive,” not simply when total sleep amount falls. This is supported by the paradoxical finding that acute activation of sleep-promoting circuits worsens seizures, because it increases sleep drive without changing sleep amount. Sleep-promoting circuits become hyperactive after sleep loss and are associated with increased whole-brain activity. During sleep restriction, optogenetic inhibition of sleep-promoting circuits to reduce sleep drive protects against seizures. Downregulation of the 5HT1A serotonin receptor in sleep-promoting cells mediates the effect of sleep drive on seizures, and we identify an FDA-approved 5HT1A agonist to mitigate seizures. Our findings demonstrate that while homeostatic sleep is needed to recoup lost sleep, sleep drive comes at the cost of increasing seizure susceptibility.
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spelling doaj-art-9f3e1b4eda814c66ab1ca4e38a60799d2025-08-20T03:05:15ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-62311-xSleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure riskVishnu Anand Cuddapah0Cynthia T. Hsu1Fernanda Valle Sirias2Yongjun Li3Hrishit M. Shah4Christopher Saul5Samantha Killiany6Camilo Guevara7Joy Shon8Zhifeng Yue9Gabrielle L. Gionet10Mary E. Putt11Amita Sehgal12Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaJan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of PennsylvaniaDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics University of PennsylvaniaHoward Hughes Medical Institute, University of PennsylvaniaAbstract Sleep loss has been associated with increased seizure risk since antiquity. Using automated video detection of spontaneous seizures in Drosophila epilepsy models, we show that seizures worsen only when sleep restriction raises homeostatic “sleep drive,” not simply when total sleep amount falls. This is supported by the paradoxical finding that acute activation of sleep-promoting circuits worsens seizures, because it increases sleep drive without changing sleep amount. Sleep-promoting circuits become hyperactive after sleep loss and are associated with increased whole-brain activity. During sleep restriction, optogenetic inhibition of sleep-promoting circuits to reduce sleep drive protects against seizures. Downregulation of the 5HT1A serotonin receptor in sleep-promoting cells mediates the effect of sleep drive on seizures, and we identify an FDA-approved 5HT1A agonist to mitigate seizures. Our findings demonstrate that while homeostatic sleep is needed to recoup lost sleep, sleep drive comes at the cost of increasing seizure susceptibility.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62311-x
spellingShingle Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
Cynthia T. Hsu
Fernanda Valle Sirias
Yongjun Li
Hrishit M. Shah
Christopher Saul
Samantha Killiany
Camilo Guevara
Joy Shon
Zhifeng Yue
Gabrielle L. Gionet
Mary E. Putt
Amita Sehgal
Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
Nature Communications
title Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
title_full Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
title_fullStr Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
title_full_unstemmed Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
title_short Sleep drive, not total sleep amount, increases seizure risk
title_sort sleep drive not total sleep amount increases seizure risk
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62311-x
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