Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination

IntroductionThe current study used path analysis to examine Black and Latiné students' experiences with discrimination at school as a function of relative representation and perceptions of the school ethnic climate.MethodParticipants included 2,063 United States eighth graders (51% female; M =...

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Main Authors: Amirah Saafir, Jessica Morales-Chicas, Kara Kogachi, Sandra Graham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Education
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1621793/full
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author Amirah Saafir
Jessica Morales-Chicas
Kara Kogachi
Sandra Graham
author_facet Amirah Saafir
Jessica Morales-Chicas
Kara Kogachi
Sandra Graham
author_sort Amirah Saafir
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe current study used path analysis to examine Black and Latiné students' experiences with discrimination at school as a function of relative representation and perceptions of the school ethnic climate.MethodParticipants included 2,063 United States eighth graders (51% female; M = 13.33 years) who self-identified as Black (24%) or Latiné (76%).ResultsResults indicated that relative representation significantly predicted perceptions of the school ethnic climate such that, overrepresentation in class compared to the broader school context was associated with less favorable perceptions of the school ethnic climate, as measured by teacher support norms around diversity (b = −0.42, p < 0.001). In turn, less positive perceptions of teacher support norms predicted greater perceived discrimination from both adults (b = −0.78, p < 0.001) and peers (b = −0.35, p < 0.001).DiscussionThese findings highlight the importance of considering relative representation and underscore the critical role of teachers in fostering classroom environments that support ethnic and racial diversity and reduce discriminatory experiences for Black and Latiné youth.
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spelling doaj-art-9f0f7197226c400a8e865dbae6133a282025-08-20T02:46:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Education2504-284X2025-07-011010.3389/feduc.2025.16217931621793Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discriminationAmirah Saafir0Jessica Morales-Chicas1Kara Kogachi2Sandra Graham3Department of Child and Adolescent Studies, California State University, Fullerton, CA, United StatesDepartment of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesDepartment of Child Development, California State University, Dominguez Hills, CA, United StatesDepartment of Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesIntroductionThe current study used path analysis to examine Black and Latiné students' experiences with discrimination at school as a function of relative representation and perceptions of the school ethnic climate.MethodParticipants included 2,063 United States eighth graders (51% female; M = 13.33 years) who self-identified as Black (24%) or Latiné (76%).ResultsResults indicated that relative representation significantly predicted perceptions of the school ethnic climate such that, overrepresentation in class compared to the broader school context was associated with less favorable perceptions of the school ethnic climate, as measured by teacher support norms around diversity (b = −0.42, p < 0.001). In turn, less positive perceptions of teacher support norms predicted greater perceived discrimination from both adults (b = −0.78, p < 0.001) and peers (b = −0.35, p < 0.001).DiscussionThese findings highlight the importance of considering relative representation and underscore the critical role of teachers in fostering classroom environments that support ethnic and racial diversity and reduce discriminatory experiences for Black and Latiné youth.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1621793/fullschool ethnic climaterelative representationdiscriminationteachersclassroom representation
spellingShingle Amirah Saafir
Jessica Morales-Chicas
Kara Kogachi
Sandra Graham
Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
Frontiers in Education
school ethnic climate
relative representation
discrimination
teachers
classroom representation
title Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
title_full Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
title_fullStr Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
title_full_unstemmed Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
title_short Context matters: how relative representation shapes Black and Latiné adolescents' perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
title_sort context matters how relative representation shapes black and latine adolescents perceptions of school ethnic climate and discrimination
topic school ethnic climate
relative representation
discrimination
teachers
classroom representation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2025.1621793/full
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AT karakogachi contextmattershowrelativerepresentationshapesblackandlatineadolescentsperceptionsofschoolethnicclimateanddiscrimination
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