Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Lei Zhang Rui Song Zixuan Shi Shuai Yuan Lu Jiao Mengsha Ma Xing Wang Lin Chen Xia Liu Demei Meng |
| author_facet | Lei Zhang Rui Song Zixuan Shi Shuai Yuan Lu Jiao Mengsha Ma Xing Wang Lin Chen Xia Liu Demei Meng |
| author_sort | Lei Zhang |
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| description | Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The results of this study showed that CAR effectively inhibits and kills <i>P. tolaasii</i> in vitro by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular components. Intracellular proteins and the DNA of <i>P. tolaasii</i> may not be the targets of CAR. CAR fumigation at a concentration as low as 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> CAR effectively inhibited <i>P. tolaasii</i>-caused brown blotch disease in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, accompanied by a decrease in polyphenol oxidase activation, melanin production, and malondialdehyde accumulation. CAR treatment also significantly increased the activities of β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminnidase, three antioxidant enzymes, and phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, as well as promoting the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoid, and lignin substances in mushrooms, thereby inducing the resistance of mushrooms to the disease. These results demonstrate the potential application of carvacrol to control bacterial disease in <i>A. bisporus</i> mushrooms. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9e70dd333a0d49f58da456fbbe7c4c0d2025-08-20T02:05:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011322368910.3390/foods13223689Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>Lei Zhang0Rui Song1Zixuan Shi2Shuai Yuan3Lu Jiao4Mengsha Ma5Xing Wang6Lin Chen7Xia Liu8Demei Meng9Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaSchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, SingaporeTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaCarvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The results of this study showed that CAR effectively inhibits and kills <i>P. tolaasii</i> in vitro by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular components. Intracellular proteins and the DNA of <i>P. tolaasii</i> may not be the targets of CAR. CAR fumigation at a concentration as low as 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> CAR effectively inhibited <i>P. tolaasii</i>-caused brown blotch disease in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, accompanied by a decrease in polyphenol oxidase activation, melanin production, and malondialdehyde accumulation. CAR treatment also significantly increased the activities of β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminnidase, three antioxidant enzymes, and phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, as well as promoting the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoid, and lignin substances in mushrooms, thereby inducing the resistance of mushrooms to the disease. These results demonstrate the potential application of carvacrol to control bacterial disease in <i>A. bisporus</i> mushrooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3689antibacterial activityaction mechanismbrown blotch diseasecarvacroldisease resistanceedible mushrooms |
| spellingShingle | Lei Zhang Rui Song Zixuan Shi Shuai Yuan Lu Jiao Mengsha Ma Xing Wang Lin Chen Xia Liu Demei Meng Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> Foods antibacterial activity action mechanism brown blotch disease carvacrol disease resistance edible mushrooms |
| title | Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_full | Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_short | Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> |
| title_sort | carvacrol effectively inhibits i pseudomonas tolaasii i in vitro and induces resistance to brown blotch disease in postharvest i agaricus bisporus i |
| topic | antibacterial activity action mechanism brown blotch disease carvacrol disease resistance edible mushrooms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3689 |
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