Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>

Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The...

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Main Authors: Lei Zhang, Rui Song, Zixuan Shi, Shuai Yuan, Lu Jiao, Mengsha Ma, Xing Wang, Lin Chen, Xia Liu, Demei Meng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3689
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author Lei Zhang
Rui Song
Zixuan Shi
Shuai Yuan
Lu Jiao
Mengsha Ma
Xing Wang
Lin Chen
Xia Liu
Demei Meng
author_facet Lei Zhang
Rui Song
Zixuan Shi
Shuai Yuan
Lu Jiao
Mengsha Ma
Xing Wang
Lin Chen
Xia Liu
Demei Meng
author_sort Lei Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The results of this study showed that CAR effectively inhibits and kills <i>P. tolaasii</i> in vitro by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular components. Intracellular proteins and the DNA of <i>P. tolaasii</i> may not be the targets of CAR. CAR fumigation at a concentration as low as 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> CAR effectively inhibited <i>P. tolaasii</i>-caused brown blotch disease in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, accompanied by a decrease in polyphenol oxidase activation, melanin production, and malondialdehyde accumulation. CAR treatment also significantly increased the activities of β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminnidase, three antioxidant enzymes, and phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, as well as promoting the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoid, and lignin substances in mushrooms, thereby inducing the resistance of mushrooms to the disease. These results demonstrate the potential application of carvacrol to control bacterial disease in <i>A. bisporus</i> mushrooms.
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spelling doaj-art-9e70dd333a0d49f58da456fbbe7c4c0d2025-08-20T02:05:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011322368910.3390/foods13223689Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>Lei Zhang0Rui Song1Zixuan Shi2Shuai Yuan3Lu Jiao4Mengsha Ma5Xing Wang6Lin Chen7Xia Liu8Demei Meng9Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaSchool of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, SingaporeTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, ChinaCarvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> in edible mushrooms is unknown. The results of this study showed that CAR effectively inhibits and kills <i>P. tolaasii</i> in vitro by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular components. Intracellular proteins and the DNA of <i>P. tolaasii</i> may not be the targets of CAR. CAR fumigation at a concentration as low as 20 μmol L<sup>−1</sup> CAR effectively inhibited <i>P. tolaasii</i>-caused brown blotch disease in <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>, accompanied by a decrease in polyphenol oxidase activation, melanin production, and malondialdehyde accumulation. CAR treatment also significantly increased the activities of β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminnidase, three antioxidant enzymes, and phenylpropanoid pathway-related enzymes, as well as promoting the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoid, and lignin substances in mushrooms, thereby inducing the resistance of mushrooms to the disease. These results demonstrate the potential application of carvacrol to control bacterial disease in <i>A. bisporus</i> mushrooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3689antibacterial activityaction mechanismbrown blotch diseasecarvacroldisease resistanceedible mushrooms
spellingShingle Lei Zhang
Rui Song
Zixuan Shi
Shuai Yuan
Lu Jiao
Mengsha Ma
Xing Wang
Lin Chen
Xia Liu
Demei Meng
Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
Foods
antibacterial activity
action mechanism
brown blotch disease
carvacrol
disease resistance
edible mushrooms
title Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
title_full Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
title_fullStr Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
title_short Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits <i>Pseudomonas tolaasii</i> In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest <i>Agaricus bisporus</i>
title_sort carvacrol effectively inhibits i pseudomonas tolaasii i in vitro and induces resistance to brown blotch disease in postharvest i agaricus bisporus i
topic antibacterial activity
action mechanism
brown blotch disease
carvacrol
disease resistance
edible mushrooms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3689
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