Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya
Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is a highly nutritious fruit crop cultivated commercially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Being a shallow rooted fruit crop, it requires frequent application of nutrients. Papaya is highly remunerative due to its high productivity an...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Kavitha Chinnasamy Naveen Kumar Krishnan Moganapathi Balasubramaniam Reena Balamurugan Pugalendhi Lakshmanan Kalarani M. Karuppasami Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan Senthil Alagarswamy Saraladevi Muthusamy |
| author_facet | Kavitha Chinnasamy Naveen Kumar Krishnan Moganapathi Balasubramaniam Reena Balamurugan Pugalendhi Lakshmanan Kalarani M. Karuppasami Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan Senthil Alagarswamy Saraladevi Muthusamy |
| author_sort | Kavitha Chinnasamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is a highly nutritious fruit crop cultivated commercially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Being a shallow rooted fruit crop, it requires frequent application of nutrients. Papaya is highly remunerative due to its high productivity and responds positively to nutrient application. Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a major threat to papaya production, which causes severe yield loss and reduces fruit quality. To combat PRSV and enhance productivity, a nutrient formulation was developed by combining organic, inorganic nutrient sources with biocontrol agents to improve the health and vigor of the plants. Experiments were conducted to standardize the application time and evaluate the efficacy of nutrient formulation in enhancing yield, and to combat papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) incidence in papaya from January 2021 to December 2023 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The results revealed that foliar application of nutrient formulation at monthly intervals from the 3rd to the 7th month after planting (MAP) along with regular application of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at bimonthly intervals from the 3rd MAP significantly increased the yield (37.79% and 30.57% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and Red Lady, respectively) and reduced PRSV disease incidence (22.49% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and 16.53% in Red Lady). Metabolomics study indicates that foliar spray of nutrient formulation enhanced the activators and precursors of defense enzymes, viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and nitrate reductase (NRase) in the sprayed plants over unsprayed control. Therefore, the sprayed plants exhibited tolerance to PRSV incidence by maintaining vigor and induced systemic resistance by the defense enzymes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e3275a9745d466db32ddf2c17b2ca83 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e3275a9745d466db32ddf2c17b2ca832025-01-24T13:16:06ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-01-0115220110.3390/agriculture15020201Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in PapayaKavitha Chinnasamy0Naveen Kumar Krishnan1Moganapathi Balasubramaniam2Reena Balamurugan3Pugalendhi Lakshmanan4Kalarani M. Karuppasami5Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan6Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan7Senthil Alagarswamy8Saraladevi Muthusamy9Turmeric Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Bhavanisagar 638451, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Fruit Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaHorticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDirectorate of Crop Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422 Lomma, SwedenPapaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is a highly nutritious fruit crop cultivated commercially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Being a shallow rooted fruit crop, it requires frequent application of nutrients. Papaya is highly remunerative due to its high productivity and responds positively to nutrient application. Papaya Ring Spot Virus (PRSV) is a major threat to papaya production, which causes severe yield loss and reduces fruit quality. To combat PRSV and enhance productivity, a nutrient formulation was developed by combining organic, inorganic nutrient sources with biocontrol agents to improve the health and vigor of the plants. Experiments were conducted to standardize the application time and evaluate the efficacy of nutrient formulation in enhancing yield, and to combat papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) incidence in papaya from January 2021 to December 2023 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The results revealed that foliar application of nutrient formulation at monthly intervals from the 3rd to the 7th month after planting (MAP) along with regular application of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) at bimonthly intervals from the 3rd MAP significantly increased the yield (37.79% and 30.57% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and Red Lady, respectively) and reduced PRSV disease incidence (22.49% in TNAU Papaya CO 8 and 16.53% in Red Lady). Metabolomics study indicates that foliar spray of nutrient formulation enhanced the activators and precursors of defense enzymes, viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL), catalase (CAT) and nitrate reductase (NRase) in the sprayed plants over unsprayed control. Therefore, the sprayed plants exhibited tolerance to PRSV incidence by maintaining vigor and induced systemic resistance by the defense enzymes.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/201papayanutrientsfoliar applicationyieldqualityPRSV |
| spellingShingle | Kavitha Chinnasamy Naveen Kumar Krishnan Moganapathi Balasubramaniam Reena Balamurugan Pugalendhi Lakshmanan Kalarani M. Karuppasami Manoranjitham S. Karuppannan Elaiyabharathi Thiyagarajan Senthil Alagarswamy Saraladevi Muthusamy Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya Agriculture papaya nutrients foliar application yield quality PRSV |
| title | Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya |
| title_full | Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya |
| title_fullStr | Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya |
| title_short | Nutrient Formulation—A Sustainable Approach to Combat PRSV and Enhance Productivity in Papaya |
| title_sort | nutrient formulation a sustainable approach to combat prsv and enhance productivity in papaya |
| topic | papaya nutrients foliar application yield quality PRSV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/201 |
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