Analysis of Heat Exchange Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Energy Tunnels: A Case Study of the Torino Metro in Italy

Both ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) and energy underground structures are engineered systems that utilize shallow geothermal energy. However, due to the construction complexity and associated costs of energy tunnels, their heat exchange efficiency relative to GSHPs remains a topic worthy of in-dep...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mei Yin, Pengcheng Liu, Zhenhuang Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2704
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