ONTraC characterizes spatially continuous variations of tissue microenvironment through niche trajectory analysis

Abstract Recent technological advances enable mapping of tissue spatial organization at single-cell resolution, but methods for analyzing spatially continuous microenvironments are still lacking. We introduce ONTraC, a graph neural network-based framework for constructing spatial trajectories at nic...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wen Wang, Shiwei Zheng, Sujung Crystal Shin, Joselyn Cristina Chávez-Fuentes, Guo-Cheng Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Genome Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-025-03588-5
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Summary:Abstract Recent technological advances enable mapping of tissue spatial organization at single-cell resolution, but methods for analyzing spatially continuous microenvironments are still lacking. We introduce ONTraC, a graph neural network-based framework for constructing spatial trajectories at niche-level. Through benchmarking analyses using multiple simulated and real datasets, we show that ONTraC outperforms existing methods. ONTraC captures both normal anatomical structures and disease-associated tissue microenvironment changes. In addition, it identifies tissue microenvironment-dependent shifts in gene expression, regulatory network, and cell–cell interaction patterns. Taken together, ONTraC provides a useful framework for characterizing the structural and functional organization of tissue microenvironments.
ISSN:1474-760X