Electrocardiographic sex index: a continuous representation of sex

Electrocardiographic sex index: a continuous representation of sex

Abstract Clinical risk calculators consider sex as a binary variable. However, sex is a complex trait with anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic attributes that are not easily summarized in this manner [1]. We propose a continuous representation of sex, the ECG Sex Index (ESI), derived via artificial...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ibrahim Karabayir, Turgay Celik, Luke Patterson, Liam Butler, David Herrington, Oguz Akbilgic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Biology of Sex Differences
Subjects:
Sex
Electrocardiogram
Artificial intelligence
Clinical risk prediction
Heart failure
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-025-00727-2
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-025-00727-2

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