Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration in colonic mucosa, accompanied by a defective epithelial barrier. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) bacterium is a putative intestinal pathogen with invasive ability, yet its role in UC inflammation and gut ba...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhihui Jiang, Pengpeng Li, Kehui Qiu, Yang Liao, Xin Chen, Ji Xuan, Fangyu Wang, Hongfeng Ma, Ye Wang, Minsheng Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1556953/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849393620466008064
author Zhihui Jiang
Pengpeng Li
Kehui Qiu
Yang Liao
Xin Chen
Ji Xuan
Fangyu Wang
Hongfeng Ma
Hongfeng Ma
Ye Wang
Minsheng Zhu
author_facet Zhihui Jiang
Pengpeng Li
Kehui Qiu
Yang Liao
Xin Chen
Ji Xuan
Fangyu Wang
Hongfeng Ma
Hongfeng Ma
Ye Wang
Minsheng Zhu
author_sort Zhihui Jiang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration in colonic mucosa, accompanied by a defective epithelial barrier. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) bacterium is a putative intestinal pathogen with invasive ability, yet its role in UC inflammation and gut barrier disruption is unclear. This study aims to investigate its epidemiological presence, pathogenic roles and preventive strategy during UC inflammation.MethodP. mirabilis culture and PCR amplification of the P. mirabilis-specific ureR gene were used to detect fecal P. mirabilis and determine its prevalence in UC and control stool specimens. P. mirabilis isolated from UC stool specimens was gavaged into dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Inflammation and the mucus layer of colons were assessed through histological examination and cytokine quantification. Bacteriophages were screened and used to eliminate P. mirabilis in colitis animals.Results and discussionThe fecal P. mirabilis bacteria were detected by PCR amplification of P. mirabilis-specific ureR gene. Of 41 UC patients, 65.9% patients were P. mirabilis positive, which was significantly higher than the controls. Administration of P. mirabilis aggravated DSS-induced colitis symptom and mucosal inflammation in mice. Interestingly, the colonic mucus layer, an essential component of the epithelial barrier, of the animals was dramatically disrupted, which was consistent with the alteration of human UC colon. The disrupted mucus layer was mediated by the down-regulation of IL-18 in intestinal epithelium. Importantly, a bacteriophage cocktail targeting P. mirabilis could restore the mucus barrier and alleviate the enteric inflammation. Thus, our results suggest that P. mirabilis is a UC pathobiont bacterium, which exacerbates the severity of UC inflammation owing to down-regulation of mucin production and IL-18 expression. Bacteriophage-mediated elimination of P. mirabilis may be effective in limiting UC inflammation.
format Article
id doaj-art-9c8c8610e098438dbc0921067fe87db3
institution Kabale University
issn 1664-302X
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Microbiology
spelling doaj-art-9c8c8610e098438dbc0921067fe87db32025-08-20T03:40:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-03-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15569531556953Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin productionZhihui Jiang0Pengpeng Li1Kehui Qiu2Yang Liao3Xin Chen4Ji Xuan5Fangyu Wang6Hongfeng Ma7Hongfeng Ma8Ye Wang9Minsheng Zhu10State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, The Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jinling Hospital, The Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huzhou Rehabilitation Hospital, Huzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Suqian Scientific Research Institute of Nanjing University Medical School, Gulou Hospital of the Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, ChinaIntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration in colonic mucosa, accompanied by a defective epithelial barrier. Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) bacterium is a putative intestinal pathogen with invasive ability, yet its role in UC inflammation and gut barrier disruption is unclear. This study aims to investigate its epidemiological presence, pathogenic roles and preventive strategy during UC inflammation.MethodP. mirabilis culture and PCR amplification of the P. mirabilis-specific ureR gene were used to detect fecal P. mirabilis and determine its prevalence in UC and control stool specimens. P. mirabilis isolated from UC stool specimens was gavaged into dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Inflammation and the mucus layer of colons were assessed through histological examination and cytokine quantification. Bacteriophages were screened and used to eliminate P. mirabilis in colitis animals.Results and discussionThe fecal P. mirabilis bacteria were detected by PCR amplification of P. mirabilis-specific ureR gene. Of 41 UC patients, 65.9% patients were P. mirabilis positive, which was significantly higher than the controls. Administration of P. mirabilis aggravated DSS-induced colitis symptom and mucosal inflammation in mice. Interestingly, the colonic mucus layer, an essential component of the epithelial barrier, of the animals was dramatically disrupted, which was consistent with the alteration of human UC colon. The disrupted mucus layer was mediated by the down-regulation of IL-18 in intestinal epithelium. Importantly, a bacteriophage cocktail targeting P. mirabilis could restore the mucus barrier and alleviate the enteric inflammation. Thus, our results suggest that P. mirabilis is a UC pathobiont bacterium, which exacerbates the severity of UC inflammation owing to down-regulation of mucin production and IL-18 expression. Bacteriophage-mediated elimination of P. mirabilis may be effective in limiting UC inflammation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1556953/fullulcerative colitisProteus mirabilismucus layerIL-18bacteriophage
spellingShingle Zhihui Jiang
Pengpeng Li
Kehui Qiu
Yang Liao
Xin Chen
Ji Xuan
Fangyu Wang
Hongfeng Ma
Hongfeng Ma
Ye Wang
Minsheng Zhu
Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
Frontiers in Microbiology
ulcerative colitis
Proteus mirabilis
mucus layer
IL-18
bacteriophage
title Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
title_full Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
title_fullStr Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
title_full_unstemmed Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
title_short Proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
title_sort proteus mirabilis exacerbates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting mucin production
topic ulcerative colitis
Proteus mirabilis
mucus layer
IL-18
bacteriophage
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1556953/full
work_keys_str_mv AT zhihuijiang proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT pengpengli proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT kehuiqiu proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT yangliao proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT xinchen proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT jixuan proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT fangyuwang proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT hongfengma proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT hongfengma proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT yewang proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction
AT minshengzhu proteusmirabilisexacerbatesulcerativecolitisbyinhibitingmucinproduction