Orthodontic treatment needs in 10–12-year-old school children from Sulaimani City, Iraq: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Malocclusion is a prevalent oral health concern worldwide, ranking third after dental caries and periodontal disease. Early identification and intervention in childhood can prevent its progression into adulthood. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is widely used to as...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhwan Jamal Rashid, Niyaz Omer Muhamad, Dlsoz Abdul Ali, Anwar Ahmad Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05962-y
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