Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments

Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant found in beverages like coffee, tea, and energy drinks, frequently contaminates surfaces and wastewater. This study explores the use of biochar derived from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) husks as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for caffeine removal...

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Main Authors: Bulduk İbrahim, Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem, Baydir Ayşegül Türk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2025-07-01
Series:Open Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2025-0177
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author Bulduk İbrahim
Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem
Baydir Ayşegül Türk
author_facet Bulduk İbrahim
Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem
Baydir Ayşegül Türk
author_sort Bulduk İbrahim
collection DOAJ
description Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant found in beverages like coffee, tea, and energy drinks, frequently contaminates surfaces and wastewater. This study explores the use of biochar derived from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) husks as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for caffeine removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional group identification, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis for surface area and porosity, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for morphological and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were optimized at an initial caffeine concentration of 50 mg/L, pH 7.0, 60 mg of adsorbent in 50 mL solution, and a contact time of 90 min. Kinetic modeling showed a strong fit to the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.999), suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Isotherm analysis revealed monolayer adsorption behavior consistent with the Langmuir model (R² = 0.999), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 40.32 mg/g. These results demonstrate that kidney bean husk-derived biochar is an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing caffeine from water, offering promising applications in wastewater treatment.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2391-5420
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher De Gruyter
record_format Article
series Open Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-9aa63353fa25449693ace13f6d712fd92025-08-20T03:29:43ZengDe GruyterOpen Chemistry2391-54202025-07-0123193253310.1515/chem-2025-0177Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environmentsBulduk İbrahim0Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem1Baydir Ayşegül Türk2Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, TurkeyFood Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, TurkeyChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, TurkeyCaffeine, a widely consumed stimulant found in beverages like coffee, tea, and energy drinks, frequently contaminates surfaces and wastewater. This study explores the use of biochar derived from kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) husks as a sustainable and cost-effective adsorbent for caffeine removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional group identification, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis for surface area and porosity, and scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for morphological and elemental analysis. Batch adsorption experiments were optimized at an initial caffeine concentration of 50 mg/L, pH 7.0, 60 mg of adsorbent in 50 mL solution, and a contact time of 90 min. Kinetic modeling showed a strong fit to the pseudo-second-order model (R² = 0.999), suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Isotherm analysis revealed monolayer adsorption behavior consistent with the Langmuir model (R² = 0.999), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 40.32 mg/g. These results demonstrate that kidney bean husk-derived biochar is an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing caffeine from water, offering promising applications in wastewater treatment.https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2025-0177kidney bean podsbiocharadsorbentcaffeineremovingaqueous solutions
spellingShingle Bulduk İbrahim
Aşçıoğlu Çiğdem
Baydir Ayşegül Türk
Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
Open Chemistry
kidney bean pods
biochar
adsorbent
caffeine
removing
aqueous solutions
title Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
title_full Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
title_fullStr Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
title_short Characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
title_sort characterization and modeling of kidney bean shell biochar as adsorbent for caffeine removal from aquatic environments
topic kidney bean pods
biochar
adsorbent
caffeine
removing
aqueous solutions
url https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2025-0177
work_keys_str_mv AT buldukibrahim characterizationandmodelingofkidneybeanshellbiocharasadsorbentforcaffeineremovalfromaquaticenvironments
AT ascıoglucigdem characterizationandmodelingofkidneybeanshellbiocharasadsorbentforcaffeineremovalfromaquaticenvironments
AT baydiraysegulturk characterizationandmodelingofkidneybeanshellbiocharasadsorbentforcaffeineremovalfromaquaticenvironments