Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as targeted immunotherapies with clinical effectiveness and low adverse effects for various cancers. However, antibody drugs for treating aggressive T cell malignancies, T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL), are still limited. Therefore,...

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Main Authors: Kamonporn Kotemul, Ratthakorn Chaiwut, Chaochetdhapada Putpim, Supansa Pata, Witida Laopajon, Chatchai Tayapiwatana, Watchara Kasinrerk, Nuchjira Takheaw
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02281-0
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author Kamonporn Kotemul
Ratthakorn Chaiwut
Chaochetdhapada Putpim
Supansa Pata
Witida Laopajon
Chatchai Tayapiwatana
Watchara Kasinrerk
Nuchjira Takheaw
author_facet Kamonporn Kotemul
Ratthakorn Chaiwut
Chaochetdhapada Putpim
Supansa Pata
Witida Laopajon
Chatchai Tayapiwatana
Watchara Kasinrerk
Nuchjira Takheaw
author_sort Kamonporn Kotemul
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as targeted immunotherapies with clinical effectiveness and low adverse effects for various cancers. However, antibody drugs for treating aggressive T cell malignancies, T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL), are still limited. Therefore, a potential mAb for treating T-ALL/T-LBL with minimal toxicity to normal cells needs to be developed. We have previously demonstrated that our in-house produced mouse anti-human CD99 mAb MT99/3 and its humanized version, HuMT99/3, which recognize a newly identified epitope of CD99 can induce apoptosis of T-ALL/T-LBL cells without affecting non-malignant peripheral blood cells. Nevertheless, the immune effector functions activated by HuMT99/3 against T-ALL/T-LBL cells remain unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of HuMT99/3 against T-ALL/T-LBL cells via immune effector functions. T-ALL/T-LBL cell lines were used as target cells, including Jurkat E6.1, MOLT-4, and SUP-T1. The results demonstrated that HuMT99/3 could mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity to kill all cell lines by activating the Fc receptor CD16 on effector cells. HuMT99/3 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of monocytes on all three malignant T cell lines through antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity. In addition, HuMT99/3 could activate complement to destroy T-ALL cell lines through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity, without affecting the T-LBL cell line and normal PBMCs. Furthermore, the mAb MT99/3 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a T-ALL xenograft model. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD99 as promising therapeutics for T-ALL/T-LBL treatment with minimal toxicity to normal peripheral blood cells.
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spelling doaj-art-9a58151de91c4737806864cb84009d862025-08-20T02:17:01ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-04-0116111110.1007/s12672-025-02281-0Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cellsKamonporn Kotemul0Ratthakorn Chaiwut1Chaochetdhapada Putpim2Supansa Pata3Witida Laopajon4Chatchai Tayapiwatana5Watchara Kasinrerk6Nuchjira Takheaw7Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityBiomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityLaboratory Animal Center, Chiang Mai UniversityDivision of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityDivision of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityDivision of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityDivision of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityDivision of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai UniversityAbstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as targeted immunotherapies with clinical effectiveness and low adverse effects for various cancers. However, antibody drugs for treating aggressive T cell malignancies, T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL), are still limited. Therefore, a potential mAb for treating T-ALL/T-LBL with minimal toxicity to normal cells needs to be developed. We have previously demonstrated that our in-house produced mouse anti-human CD99 mAb MT99/3 and its humanized version, HuMT99/3, which recognize a newly identified epitope of CD99 can induce apoptosis of T-ALL/T-LBL cells without affecting non-malignant peripheral blood cells. Nevertheless, the immune effector functions activated by HuMT99/3 against T-ALL/T-LBL cells remain unexplored. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer activities of HuMT99/3 against T-ALL/T-LBL cells via immune effector functions. T-ALL/T-LBL cell lines were used as target cells, including Jurkat E6.1, MOLT-4, and SUP-T1. The results demonstrated that HuMT99/3 could mediate potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity to kill all cell lines by activating the Fc receptor CD16 on effector cells. HuMT99/3 significantly enhanced the phagocytosis of monocytes on all three malignant T cell lines through antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) activity. In addition, HuMT99/3 could activate complement to destroy T-ALL cell lines through complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) activity, without affecting the T-LBL cell line and normal PBMCs. Furthermore, the mAb MT99/3 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a T-ALL xenograft model. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CD99 as promising therapeutics for T-ALL/T-LBL treatment with minimal toxicity to normal peripheral blood cells.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02281-0Monoclonal antibodyCD99 moleculeCancer immunotherapyT lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomaAnticancer activitiesImmune effector functions
spellingShingle Kamonporn Kotemul
Ratthakorn Chaiwut
Chaochetdhapada Putpim
Supansa Pata
Witida Laopajon
Chatchai Tayapiwatana
Watchara Kasinrerk
Nuchjira Takheaw
Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
Discover Oncology
Monoclonal antibody
CD99 molecule
Cancer immunotherapy
T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Anticancer activities
Immune effector functions
title Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
title_full Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
title_fullStr Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
title_short Evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti-CD99 antibody in eliminating T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells
title_sort evaluating the immune effector functions induced by humanized anti cd99 antibody in eliminating t lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma cells
topic Monoclonal antibody
CD99 molecule
Cancer immunotherapy
T lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
Anticancer activities
Immune effector functions
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02281-0
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