Total factor productivity and firm size in the German energy industry: evidence from a symbolic transfer entropy panel causality test
This paper applied a symbolic transfer entropy panel causality test, to investigate the non-parametric Granger-type causality between total factor productivity (TFP) and firm size. This test overcomes the limitations of previous panel causality tests generated by the presence of outliers and structu...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Economics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15140326.2025.2453253 |
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