Plant organ modulates morphological constraints of insect-induced galls: evidence from citizen science data

Abstract Galls are abnormal plant structures formed through interactions between host plants and insects, providing shelter and nutrients for gall-inducing insects. As distinct insect species can generate unique gall morphologies even on the same host plant, galls are often viewed as an extended phe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kanako Bessho-Uehara, Riki Takara, Kosuke Sano, Kohei Tamura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15384-z
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