Emerging roles of non-coding RNA derived from extracellular vesicles in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 pathway: insights into cancer immunotherapy and clinical applications

Abstract Numerous studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry a variety of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which can be taken up by neighboring cells or transported to distant sites via bodily fluids, thereby facilitating intercellular communication and regulating multiple cellular fu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haixia Zhang, Lianfeng Gong, Li Yu, Chenge Xian, Zhaowu Ma, Xianwang Wang, Ruohan Xia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03809-8
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