The number of immune defence and counter-defence systems sustained in the arms race between prokaryotes and viruses

Abstract Prokaryotes have evolved various mechanisms to counter viruses, which in their turn developed numerous strategies to avoid defences of the hosts. Dozens of these defence and counter-defence mechanisms have recently been discovered, yet a given virus or its host possesses only several of suc...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yaroslav Ispolatov, Anna Lekontseva, Konstantin Severinov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11335-w
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