Understanding the role of electrostatic force, van der Waals force, and osmotic pressure in retinal function and barrier integrity

Abstract The retina’s intricate interplay of forces and structures, with a focus on the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors, is essential for retinal health and function. Among these forces, electrostatic forces play a crucial role, working alongside van der Waals forces and oncotic...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Khayry Al-Shami, Jafar Shatnawi, Khaled Qasagsah, Salman Almurabi, Ghayda’ Shatnawi, Tasnim Darawsheh, Shahed Karaja
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:International Journal of Retina and Vitreous
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40942-025-00643-y
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