LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard

Current algorithms for surface defect detection in particleboard often encounter limitations such as high computational complexity and excessive parameter scale. To address these challenges, this study proposes the LE-YOLO model, which incorporates a normalized Wasserstein distance into the loss fun...

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Main Authors: Chao He, Yongkang Kang, Anning Ding, Wei Jia, Huaqiong Duo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: North Carolina State University 2025-07-01
Series:BioResources
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Online Access:https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24732
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author Chao He
Yongkang Kang
Anning Ding
Wei Jia
Huaqiong Duo
author_facet Chao He
Yongkang Kang
Anning Ding
Wei Jia
Huaqiong Duo
author_sort Chao He
collection DOAJ
description Current algorithms for surface defect detection in particleboard often encounter limitations such as high computational complexity and excessive parameter scale. To address these challenges, this study proposes the LE-YOLO model, which incorporates a normalized Wasserstein distance into the loss function to enhance the detection capability for minute surface defects. A dynamic mixed convolutional network module is introduced to construct a lightweight backbone architecture. Moreover, the Shared Dilated Feature Pyramid (SDFP) module is employed in the neck network, effectively reducing computational overhead while preserving detection accuracy. A lightweight detection head was further designed, integrating shared convolutional operations with a distribution-aware loss function, thereby substantially improving detection performance in complex textured environments. Experimental evaluations conducted on the Chipboardv1.0 particleboard surface defect dataset demonstrated that compared to the baseline YOLOv11n model, LE-YOLO achieved a 5% improvement in recall, a 1% increase in F1 score, a 4% enhancement in mAP@50, a 6% gain in mAP@50–95, a 12.69% acceleration in inference speed, and an 18.6% reduction in parameter count. Compared with other models, the proposed approach not only improved detection precision but also effectively reduced model complexity, achieving a lightweight and efficient detection framework.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1930-2126
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher North Carolina State University
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series BioResources
spelling doaj-art-956909d0abdb462c86c9c0831bc0d8072025-08-20T04:00:33ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21262025-07-01203717971933055LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on ParticleboardChao He0Yongkang Kang1Anning Ding2Wei Jia3Huaqiong Duo4College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ChinaCollege of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ChinaCurrent algorithms for surface defect detection in particleboard often encounter limitations such as high computational complexity and excessive parameter scale. To address these challenges, this study proposes the LE-YOLO model, which incorporates a normalized Wasserstein distance into the loss function to enhance the detection capability for minute surface defects. A dynamic mixed convolutional network module is introduced to construct a lightweight backbone architecture. Moreover, the Shared Dilated Feature Pyramid (SDFP) module is employed in the neck network, effectively reducing computational overhead while preserving detection accuracy. A lightweight detection head was further designed, integrating shared convolutional operations with a distribution-aware loss function, thereby substantially improving detection performance in complex textured environments. Experimental evaluations conducted on the Chipboardv1.0 particleboard surface defect dataset demonstrated that compared to the baseline YOLOv11n model, LE-YOLO achieved a 5% improvement in recall, a 1% increase in F1 score, a 4% enhancement in mAP@50, a 6% gain in mAP@50–95, a 12.69% acceleration in inference speed, and an 18.6% reduction in parameter count. Compared with other models, the proposed approach not only improved detection precision but also effectively reduced model complexity, achieving a lightweight and efficient detection framework.https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24732object detectionlightweight architectureyoloparticleboard surface defectsdeep learningfeature fusion
spellingShingle Chao He
Yongkang Kang
Anning Ding
Wei Jia
Huaqiong Duo
LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
BioResources
object detection
lightweight architecture
yolo
particleboard surface defects
deep learning
feature fusion
title LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
title_full LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
title_fullStr LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
title_full_unstemmed LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
title_short LE-YOLO: A Lightweight and Enhanced Algorithm for Detecting Surface Defects on Particleboard
title_sort le yolo a lightweight and enhanced algorithm for detecting surface defects on particleboard
topic object detection
lightweight architecture
yolo
particleboard surface defects
deep learning
feature fusion
url https://ojs.bioresources.com/index.php/BRJ/article/view/24732
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AT anningding leyoloalightweightandenhancedalgorithmfordetectingsurfacedefectsonparticleboard
AT weijia leyoloalightweightandenhancedalgorithmfordetectingsurfacedefectsonparticleboard
AT huaqiongduo leyoloalightweightandenhancedalgorithmfordetectingsurfacedefectsonparticleboard