Effects of paternal age and interaction with smoking, alcohol consumption and maternal age on implantation failure in women undergoing ART

Abstract It remains unclear whether there is an independent association of paternal age with implantation failure (IF) in couples undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment. Little is known about the interactive effects of paternal age with maternal age, paternal smoking and alcohol...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jiaqian Yin, Ruoling Chen, David Churchill, Huijuan Zou, Peipei Guo, Chunmei Liang, Xiaoqing Peng, Jieyu Wang, Zhikang Zhang, Weiju Zhou, Yunxia Cao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03651-y
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