Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation

Abstract Synthesis of steroid drugs is possible through biotechnological methods, however, the low efficiency of transporting steroid substrates across microbial membranes is the challenge in using microorganisms for their production. STARD1 and STARD3 proteins (members of the START domain family) w...

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Main Authors: Sofia V. Zamalutdinova, Ludmila V. Isaeva, Yaroslav V. Faletrov, Nikolay N. Eroshchenko, Alexey N. Kirushin, Vadim N. Tashlitsky, Mikhail A. Rubtsov, Ludmila A. Novikova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Bioresources and Bioprocessing
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00909-1
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author Sofia V. Zamalutdinova
Ludmila V. Isaeva
Yaroslav V. Faletrov
Nikolay N. Eroshchenko
Alexey N. Kirushin
Vadim N. Tashlitsky
Mikhail A. Rubtsov
Ludmila A. Novikova
author_facet Sofia V. Zamalutdinova
Ludmila V. Isaeva
Yaroslav V. Faletrov
Nikolay N. Eroshchenko
Alexey N. Kirushin
Vadim N. Tashlitsky
Mikhail A. Rubtsov
Ludmila A. Novikova
author_sort Sofia V. Zamalutdinova
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Synthesis of steroid drugs is possible through biotechnological methods, however, the low efficiency of transporting steroid substrates across microbial membranes is the challenge in using microorganisms for their production. STARD1 and STARD3 proteins (members of the START domain family) work in some mammalian cells in conjunction with the steroidogenic P450scc enzyme system (cytochrome P450scc, adrenodoxin reductase, and adrenodoxin), transporting cholesterol to the mitochondria, where cytochrome P450scc converts it into pregnenolone. In this study, we investigated the effect of STARD1 and STARD3 on P450scc efficiency in E. coli expression models. The combination of the STARD3(216–444) or STARD1(53–285) protein bearing an N-terminal periplasm-targeting sequence, with the P450scc system reconstituted in E. coli, resulted in an increase of pregnenolone synthesis by 3.2- and 1.9-fold, respectively, on a laboratory scale. STARD3(216–444) showed higher levels of expression and a greater effect on the incorporation of sterols into cells and whole-cell biotransformation of cholesterol, compared to STARD1(53–285). This study proposes a fundamentally new approach to optimizing the functioning of the P450scc system in microbial cells, which uses the cholesterol transfer protein to increase the uptake efficiency of a poorly soluble steroid substrate by bacteria. The demand for steroid medications is increasing, and the use of specific carrier proteins could be a useful tool to enhance the efficiency of whole-cell biosynthesis of various steroid compounds.
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spelling doaj-art-928d820e95084fdf8b47f0065e45a05b2025-08-20T03:45:40ZengSpringerOpenBioresources and Bioprocessing2197-43652025-07-0112111410.1186/s40643-025-00909-1Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformationSofia V. Zamalutdinova0Ludmila V. Isaeva1Yaroslav V. Faletrov2Nikolay N. Eroshchenko3Alexey N. Kirushin4Vadim N. Tashlitsky5Mikhail A. Rubtsov6Ludmila A. Novikova7Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityResearch Institute for Physical Chemical Problems, Belarusian State UniversityI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityFaculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityFaculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityBelozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityAbstract Synthesis of steroid drugs is possible through biotechnological methods, however, the low efficiency of transporting steroid substrates across microbial membranes is the challenge in using microorganisms for their production. STARD1 and STARD3 proteins (members of the START domain family) work in some mammalian cells in conjunction with the steroidogenic P450scc enzyme system (cytochrome P450scc, adrenodoxin reductase, and adrenodoxin), transporting cholesterol to the mitochondria, where cytochrome P450scc converts it into pregnenolone. In this study, we investigated the effect of STARD1 and STARD3 on P450scc efficiency in E. coli expression models. The combination of the STARD3(216–444) or STARD1(53–285) protein bearing an N-terminal periplasm-targeting sequence, with the P450scc system reconstituted in E. coli, resulted in an increase of pregnenolone synthesis by 3.2- and 1.9-fold, respectively, on a laboratory scale. STARD3(216–444) showed higher levels of expression and a greater effect on the incorporation of sterols into cells and whole-cell biotransformation of cholesterol, compared to STARD1(53–285). This study proposes a fundamentally new approach to optimizing the functioning of the P450scc system in microbial cells, which uses the cholesterol transfer protein to increase the uptake efficiency of a poorly soluble steroid substrate by bacteria. The demand for steroid medications is increasing, and the use of specific carrier proteins could be a useful tool to enhance the efficiency of whole-cell biosynthesis of various steroid compounds.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00909-1
spellingShingle Sofia V. Zamalutdinova
Ludmila V. Isaeva
Yaroslav V. Faletrov
Nikolay N. Eroshchenko
Alexey N. Kirushin
Vadim N. Tashlitsky
Mikhail A. Rubtsov
Ludmila A. Novikova
Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
Bioresources and Bioprocessing
title Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
title_full Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
title_fullStr Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
title_full_unstemmed Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
title_short Using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by Escherichia coli: a coordinated synthesis of START protein and P450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
title_sort using of transporter proteins to improve the uptake efficiency of hydrophobic compounds by escherichia coli a coordinated synthesis of start protein and p450scc system proteins to enhance cholesterol biotransformation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-025-00909-1
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