Toxic damage of the optic nerve by smoking a tobacco mixture using a hookah

Recent years have seen an increase in tobacco mixture smokers using hookahs. Dangerous substances released during smoking cause substantial harm to the entire body, and bring about visual impairment with toxic optical neuropathy. Eye structures which are the most susceptible to toxin damage are the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: E. E. Ioyleva, A. А. Bratchuk, M. R. Khabazova
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Real Time Ltd 2022-09-01
Series:Российский офтальмологический журнал
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Online Access:https://roj.igb.ru/jour/article/view/1066
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